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Food Res Int

Title:		Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the adaptive responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to thyme and cinnamon oils
Author(s):		Chen L; Zhao X; Li R; Yang H;
Address:		"Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China. School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China. Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China. Electronic address: fstynghs@nus.edu.sg"
Journal Title:		Food Res Int
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220416
Issue:
Page Number:		111241 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111241
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-7145 (Electronic) 0963-9969 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Essential oils (EOs), such as thyme (Thy) and cinnamon (Cin) oils, present promising antibacterial properties against foodborne pathogens (e.g., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium). However, the food matrix might result in sublethal EO stress, and little information about direct and/or cross-resistance development after sublethal EO exposure is available. This study revealed that S. Typhimurium under sublethal Thy and Cin (50% minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC(50)) treatments exhibited a lower growth rate and an extended lag phase. EO adapted cells showed direct-resistance to subsequent lethal EO treatment, and cross-resistance to thermal (58 degrees C) and oxidative (hydrogen peroxide, 50 mmol/L) stresses. Metabolomics analysis revealed changes of 47 significant metabolites (variable importance in projection > 1, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), including lipids, oligopeptides, amino acids, nucleotide related compounds, and organic acids. Metabolic pathways, such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, were shown to be involved in EO adaptation. Furthermore, a transcriptomics study identified 161 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05) in MIC(50) Thy treated cells, while more DEGs (324) were screened from the MIC(50) Cin group. The integrated omics analysis allowed us to speculate on the molecular mechanisms. Under harsher Thy stress, S. Typhimurium cells adopted a conservative strategy to survive. By contrast, more radical responses were observed during Cin adaptation. In conclusion, the food industry should be more cautious in the use of EOs because sublethal EO stress might result in the development of resistance"
Keywords:		"Cinnamomum zeylanicum/chemistry Metabolomics *Oils, Volatile/pharmacology Plant Oils Salmonella typhimurium/genetics Serogroup *Thymus Plant/chemistry Transcriptome Antimicrobial agent Essential oil Food safety Foodborne pathogen Foodomics Resistance deve;"
Notes:		"MedlineChen, Lin Zhao, Xue Li, Rui Yang, Hongshun eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Canada 2022/06/29 Food Res Int. 2022 Jul; 157:111241. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111241. Epub 2022 Apr 16"