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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"Phenology of semiochemical-mediated host foraging by the western boxelder bug, Boisea rubrolineata, an aposematic seed predator"
Author(s):		Schwarz J; Gries R; Hillier K; Vickers N; Gries G;
Address:		"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2009
Volume:		20090103
Issue:		1
Page Number:		58 - 70
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-008-9575-3
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The western boxelder bug (BEB), Boisea rubrolineata (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae), is a specialist herbivore of boxelder trees, Acer negundo. We tested the hypothesis that BEBs use semiochemicals to locate host trees. Headspace volatiles from trees bearing staminate inflorescences ('staminate trees') and from trees bearing pistillate inflorescences ('pistillate trees') were collected throughout the season and bioassayed in Y-tube olfactometer experiments. Headspace extracts of early-season, pollen-bearing staminate trees and midseason pistillate trees with mature samaras (seed pods) attracted female and male BEBs. By using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified and tested a five-component synthetic blend of candidate semiochemicals (hexanol, pentyl acetate, phenylacetonitrile, 2-phenethyl acetate, and trans-nerolidol). This blend attracted females, males, and fifth-instar nymphs. Phenylacetonitrile by itself was as attractive as the five-component blend to both adults and nymphs. By responding to phenylacetonitrile emitted by pollen-bearing staminate trees and pistillate trees with maturing seeds, BEBs appear to track and exploit the availability of nutrient-rich food sources, suggesting that the bugs' reproductive ecology is synchronized to the phenology of their host boxelder tree"
Keywords:		Acer/*chemistry/metabolism/*parasitology Animals Biological Assay Feeding Behavior Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Heteroptera/*physiology Host-Parasite Interactions Male Movement Nymph/physiology Pheromones/chemistry/isolation & purification/;
Notes:		"MedlineSchwarz, Joseph Gries, Regine Hillier, Kirk Vickers, Neil Gries, Gerhard eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2009/01/06 J Chem Ecol. 2009 Jan; 35(1):58-70. doi: 10.1007/s10886-008-9575-3. Epub 2009 Jan 3"