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Foods

Title:		"Ontogenetic Variation in the Mineral, Phytochemical and Yield Attributes of Brassicaceous Microgreens"
Author(s):		Kyriacou MC; El-Nakhel C; Pannico A; Graziani G; Zarrelli A; Soteriou GA; Kyratzis A; Antoniou C; Pizzolongo F; Romano R; Ritieni A; De Pascale S; Rouphael Y;
Address:		"Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy. Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"
Journal Title:		Foods
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210510
Issue:		5
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/foods10051032
ISSN/ISBN:		2304-8158 (Print) 2304-8158 (Electronic) 2304-8158 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Microgreens constitute novel gastronomic ingredients that combine visual, kinesthetic and bioactive qualities. The definition of the optimal developmental stage for harvesting microgreens remains fluid. Their superior phytochemical content against mature leaves underpins the current hypothesis of significant changes in compositional profile during the brief interval of ontogeny from the appearance of the first (S1) to the second true leaf (S2). Microgreens of four brassicaceous genotypes (Komatsuna, Mibuna, Mizuna and Pak Choi) grown under controlled conditions and harvested at S1 and S2 were appraised for fresh and dry yield traits. They were further analyzed for macro- and micromineral content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), carotenoid content using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), volatile organic compounds using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS), anthocyanins and polyphenols using liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Orbitrap technology and for chlorophyll and ascorbate concentrations, well as antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometry. Analysis of compositional profiles revealed genotype as the principal source of variation for all constituents. The response of mineral and phytochemical composition and of antioxidant capacity to the growth stage was limited and largely genotype-dependent. It is, therefore, questionable whether delaying harvest from S1 to S2 would significantly improve the bioactive value of microgreens while the cost-benefit analysis for this decision must be genotype-specific. Finally, the lower-yielding genotypes (Mizuna and Pak Choi) registered higher relative increase in fresh yield between S1 and S2, compared to the faster-growing and higher-yielding genotypes. Although the optimal harvest stage for specific genotypes must be determined considering the increase in yield against reduction in crop turnover, harvesting at S2 seems advisable for the lower-yielding genotypes"
Keywords:		antioxidants bioactive value carotenoids harvest maturity isothiocyanates ontogeny polyphenols volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEKyriacou, Marios C El-Nakhel, Christophe Pannico, Antonio Graziani, Giulia Zarrelli, Armando Soteriou, Georgios A Kyratzis, Angelos Antoniou, Chrystalla Pizzolongo, Fabiana Romano, Raffaele Ritieni, Alberto De Pascale, Stefania Rouphael, Youssef eng Switzerland 2021/06/03 Foods. 2021 May 10; 10(5):1032. doi: 10.3390/foods10051032"