| Title: | Volatiles Induced from Hypolepis punctata (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract Sclomina erinacea (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern |
| Author(s): | Huang K; Shang H; Zhou Q; Wang Y; Shen H; Yan Y; |
| Address: | "Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China. College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2075-4450 (Print) 2075-4450 (Electronic) 2075-4450 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plants have evolved various self-defense mechanisms against insect feeding. There are many reports regarding both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in seed-plant. However, only direct defenses on ferns were considered and the indirect defense mechanism has never been reported. In this study, it was observed that the fern Hypolepis punctata can attract the assassin bug Sclomina erinacea in the field. We collected and analyzed volatiles from H. punctata healthy individuals and the ones wounded by Bertula hadenalis, using dynamic headspace and GC-MS. We recorded the electroantennogram responses of antennae of S. erinacea to different standards of volatile compounds identified from the GC-MS analysis. We also analyzed the behavior of male and female S. erinacea adults in response to volatiles collected from H. punctata using a Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed that a number of volatile compounds were produced when the fern was damaged by B. hadenalis. Electroantennography and Y-tube olfactometer results showed that some herbivore-induced volatiles and volatiles from undamaged leaves could attract S. erinacea. Our research suggests that H. punctata can attract insect predators by releasing herbivory-induced volatile organic compounds, and for the first time we found ferns may also have indirect defense mechanisms using volatile organic compounds" |
| Keywords: | Gc-ms Hypolepis punctata Sclomina erinacea electroantennography indirect defense olfactory response volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEHuang, Kerui Shang, Hui Zhou, Qiong Wang, Yun Shen, Hui Yan, Yuehong eng G212417, G192423 and F132421/Shanghai Municipal Administration of Forestation and City Appearances/ Switzerland 2021/11/26 Insects. 2021 Oct 28; 12(11):978. doi: 10.3390/insects12110978" |
