| Title: | Nectar non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) do not change nectar palatability but enhance learning and memory in honey bees |
| Author(s): | Carlesso D; Smargiassi S; Pasquini E; Bertelli G; Baracchi D; |
| Address: | "Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy. Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. david.baracchi@unifi.it" |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-90895-z |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Floral nectar is a pivotal element of the intimate relationship between plants and pollinators. Nectars are composed of a plethora of nutritionally valuable compounds but also hundreds of secondary metabolites (SMs) whose function remains elusive. Here we performed a set of behavioural experiments to study whether five ubiquitous nectar non-protein amino acids (NPAAs: beta-alanine, GABA, citrulline, ornithine and taurine) interact with gustation, feeding preference, and learning and memory in Apis mellifera. We showed that foragers were unable to discriminate NPAAs from water when only accessing antennal chemo-tactile information and that freely moving bees did not exhibit innate feeding preferences for NPAAs. Also, NPAAs did not alter food consumption or longevity in caged bees over 10 days. Taken together our data suggest that natural concentrations of NPAAs did not alter nectar palatability to bees. Olfactory conditioning assays showed that honey bees were more likely to learn a scent when it signalled a sucrose reward containing either beta-alanine or GABA, and that GABA enhanced specific memory retention. Conversely, when ingested two hours prior to conditioning, GABA, beta-alanine, and taurine weakened bees' acquisition performances but not specific memory retention, which was enhanced in the case of beta-alanine and taurine. Neither citrulline nor ornithine affected learning and memory. NPAAs in nectars may represent a cooperative strategy adopted by plants to attract beneficial pollinators" |
| Keywords: | "Amino Acids/*metabolism Animals *Bees Behavior, Animal Feeding Behavior *Learning *Memory Plant Nectar/*chemistry *Secondary Metabolism Taste;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineCarlesso, Daniele Smargiassi, Stefania Pasquini, Elisa Bertelli, Giacomo Baracchi, David eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2021/06/05 Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 3; 11(1):11721. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90895-z" |
