| Title: | Role of Large Cabbage White butterfly male-derived compounds in elicitation of direct and indirect egg-killing defenses in the black mustard |
| Author(s): | Fatouros NE; Paniagua Voirol LR; Drizou F; Doan QT; Pineda A; Frago E; van Loon JJ; |
| Address: | "Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands ; Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin Berlin, Germany. Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin Berlin, Germany. Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1664-462X (Print) 1664-462X (Electronic) 1664-462X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "To successfully exert defenses against herbivores and pathogens plants need to recognize reliable cues produced by their attackers. Up to now, few elicitors associated with herbivorous insects have been identified. We have previously shown that accessory reproductive gland secretions associated with eggs of Cabbage White butterflies (Pieris spp.) induce chemical changes in Brussels sprouts plants recruiting egg-killing parasitoids. Only secretions of mated female butterflies contain minute amounts of male-derived anti-aphrodisiac compounds that elicit this indirect plant defense. Here, we used the black mustard (Brassica nigra) to investigate how eggs of the Large Cabbage White butterfly (Pieris brassicae) induce, either an egg-killing direct [i.e., hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis] or indirect defense (i.e., oviposition-induced plant volatiles attracting Trichogramma egg parasitoids). Plants induced by P. brassicae egg-associated secretions expressed both traits and previous mating enhanced elicitation. Treatment with the anti-aphrodisiac compound of P. brassicae, benzyl cyanide (BC), induced stronger HR when compared to controls. Expression of the salicylic (SA) pathway- and HR-marker PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 was induced only in plants showing an HR-like necrosis. Trichogramma wasps were attracted to volatiles induced by secretion of mated P. brassicae females but application of BC did not elicit the parasitoid-attracting volatiles. We conclude that egg-associated secretions of Pieris butterflies contain specific elicitors of the different plant defense traits against eggs in Brassica plants. While in Brussels sprouts plants anti-aphrodisiac compounds in Pieris egg-associated secretions were clearly shown to elicit indirect defense, the wild relative B. nigra, recognizes different herbivore cues that mediate the defensive responses. These results add another level of specificity to the mechanisms by which plants recognize their attackers" |
| Keywords: | Brassicaceae Pr-1 Pierisaccessory reproductive glands egg parasitoid hypersensitive response induced plant defenses oviposition-induced plant volatiles; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEFatouros, Nina E Paniagua Voirol, Luis R Drizou, Fryni Doan, Quyen T Pineda, Ana Frago, Enric van Loon, Joop J A eng Switzerland 2015/10/21 Front Plant Sci. 2015 Sep 29; 6:794. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00794. eCollection 2015" |
