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Sci Rep

Title:		E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk
Author(s):		Canistro D; Vivarelli F; Cirillo S; Babot Marquillas C; Buschini A; Lazzaretti M; Marchi L; Cardenia V; Rodriguez-Estrada MT; Lodovici M; Cipriani C; Lorenzini A; Croco E; Marchionni S; Franchi P; Lucarini M; Longo V; Della Croce CM; Vornoli A; Colacci A; Vaccari M; Sapone A; Paolini M;
Address:		"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy. donatella.canistro@unibo.it. Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy. Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43124, Parma, Italy. Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, Italy. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Universita di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy. Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy. Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126, Bologna, Italy. Department of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy. Center for Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency Emilia-Romagna Region (ER-EPA), Bologna, Italy"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170517
Issue:		1
Page Number:		2028 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-017-02317-8
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are devices designed to deliver nicotine in a vaping solution rather than smoke and without tobacco combustion. Perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigs are aggressively marketed as lifestyle-choice consumables, thanks to few restrictions and a lack of regulatory guidelines. E-cigs have also gained popularity among never-smokers and teenagers, becoming an emergent public health issue. Despite the burgeoning worldwide consumption of e-cigs, their safety remains largely unproven and it is unknown whether these devices cause in vivo toxicological effects that could contribute to cancer. Here we demonstrate the co-mutagenic and cancer-initiating effects of e-cig vapour in a rat lung model. We found that e-cigs have a powerful booster effect on phase-I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes, including activators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and increase oxygen free radical production and DNA oxidation to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, we found that e-cigs damage DNA not only at chromosomal level in peripheral blood, such as strand breaks in leucocytes and micronuclei formation in reticulocytes, but also at gene level such as point mutations in urine. Our results demonstrate that exposure to e-cigs could endanger human health, particularly among younger more vulnerable consumers"
Keywords:		Animals Antioxidants/metabolism DNA Damage *Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Lung/drug effects/metabolism/pathology Male Neoplasms/*etiology/*metabolism/pathology Oxidation-Reduction Rats Reactive Oxygen Species/me;
Notes:		"MedlineCanistro, Donatella Vivarelli, Fabio Cirillo, Silvia Babot Marquillas, Clara Buschini, Annamaria Lazzaretti, Mirca Marchi, Laura Cardenia, Vladimiro Rodriguez-Estrada, Maria Teresa Lodovici, Maura Cipriani, Caterina Lorenzini, Antonello Croco, Eleonora Marchionni, Silvia Franchi, Paola Lucarini, Marco Longo, Vincenzo Della Croce, Clara Maria Vornoli, Andrea Colacci, Annamaria Vaccari, Monica Sapone, Andrea Paolini, Moreno eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2017/05/19 Sci Rep. 2017 May 17; 7(1):2028. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02317-8"