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PLoS One

Title:		Ozone-induced responses in Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae): metabolic cross-talk between volatile organic compounds and calcium oxalate crystal formation
Author(s):		Cardoso-Gustavson P; Bolsoni VP; de Oliveira DP; Guaratini MT; Aidar MP; Marabesi MA; Alves ES; de Souza SR;
Address:		"Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Nucleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Nucleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquimica, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Nucleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"
Journal Title:		PLoS One
Year:		2014
Volume:		20140828
Issue:		8
Page Number:		e105072 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pone.0105072
ISSN/ISBN:		1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Here, we proposed that volatile organic compounds (VOC), specifically methyl salicylate (MeSA), mediate the formation of calcium oxalate crystals (COC) in the defence against ozone (O3) oxidative damage. We performed experiments using Croton floribundus, a pioneer tree species that is tolerant to O3 and widely distributed in the Brazilian forest. This species constitutively produces COC. We exposed plants to a controlled fumigation experiment and assessed biochemical, physiological, and morphological parameters. O3 induced a significant increase in the concentrations of constitutive oxygenated compounds, MeSA and terpenoids as well as in COC number. Our analysis supported the hypothesis that ozone-induced VOC (mainly MeSA) regulate ROS formation in a way that promotes the opening of calcium channels and the subsequent formation of COC in a fast and stable manner to stop the consequences of the reactive oxygen species in the tissue, indeed immobilising the excess calcium (caused by acute exposition to O3) that can be dangerous to the plant. To test this hypothesis, we performed an independent experiment spraying MeSA over C. floribundus plants and observed an increase in the number of COC, indicating that this compound has a potential to directly induce their formation. Thus, the tolerance of C. floribundus to O3 oxidative stress could be a consequence of a higher capacity for the production of VOC and COC rather than the modulation of antioxidant balance. We also present some insights into constitutive morphological features that may be related to the tolerance that this species exhibits to O3"
Keywords:		"Antioxidants/metabolism Calcium/metabolism Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism Cell Respiration/*drug effects Croton/drug effects/*metabolism Oxidants, Photochemical/*pharmacology Oxidation-Reduction Ozone/*pharmacology Volatile Organic Compounds/*metabolism;"
Notes:		"MedlineCardoso-Gustavson, Poliana Bolsoni, Vanessa Palermo de Oliveira, Debora Pinheiro Guaratini, Maria Tereza Gromboni Aidar, Marcos Pereira Marinho Marabesi, Mauro Alexandre Alves, Edenise Segala de Souza, Silvia Ribeiro eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2014/08/29 PLoS One. 2014 Aug 28; 9(8):e105072. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105072. eCollection 2014"