| Title: | "Release of particles, organic compounds, and metals from crumb rubber used in synthetic turf under chemical and physical stress" |
| Author(s): | Canepari S; Castellano P; Astolfi ML; Materazzi S; Ferrante R; Fiorini D; Curini R; |
| Address: | "Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. silvia.canepari@uniroma1.it. Local Office of Aosta, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Corso Padre Lorenzo, 18, 11100, Aosta, Italy. Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. Department of Occupational Hygiene, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy. Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy" |
| Journal Title: | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-017-0377-4 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The chemical and morphological characteristics of materials released under chemical and physical stress by different rubber granulates used as infill materials in synthetic turf (recycled scrap tires, natural rubber, and a new-generation thermoplastic elastomer) were compared.The headspace solid-phase micro-extraction GC-MS analysis evidenced that at 70 degrees C natural rubber and thermoplastic elastomer release amounts of organic species much higher than recycled scrap tires. In particular, the desorption of mineral oils, with a prevalence of toxicologically relevant low-viscosity alkanes in the range C17-C22, and plasticizers (diisobutyl phthalate) was clearly evidenced. The new-generation thermoplastic elastomer material also releases butylated hydroxytoluene.In slightly acidic conditions, quite high amounts of bio-accessible Zn, Cu, and Co are released from recycled scrap tires, while natural rubber releases mainly Se and Tl. In contrast, the thermoplastic elastomer does not contain significant concentrations of leachable heavy metals.The formation of small particles, also in the inhalable fraction, was evidenced by electron microscopy after mechanical or thermal treatment of natural rubber" |
| Keywords: | "Elastomers Environmental Pollutants/*analysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metals, Heavy/*analysis Organic Chemicals/*analysis Particulate Matter/analysis Recycling Rubber/*chemistry Solid Phase Microextraction Bio-accessible fraction of elements;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineCanepari, Silvia Castellano, Paola Astolfi, Maria Luisa Materazzi, Stefano Ferrante, Riccardo Fiorini, Dennis Curini, Roberta eng Germany 2017/11/02 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jan; 25(2):1448-1459. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0377-4. Epub 2017 Oct 31" |
