| Title: | Smelling the Diagnosis: The Electronic Nose as Diagnostic Tool in Inflammatory Arthritis. A Case-Reference Study |
| Author(s): | Brekelmans MP; Fens N; Brinkman P; Bos LD; Sterk PJ; Tak PP; Gerlag DM; |
| Address: | "Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands" |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0151715 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose can identify differences between inflammatory joint diseases and healthy controls. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the exhaled breath of 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with active disease was compared to 21 healthy controls using an electronic nose (Cyranose 320; Smiths Detection, Pasadena, CA, USA). Breathprints were analyzed with principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and relationships between breathprints and markers of disease activity were explored. RESULTS: Breathprints of RA patients could be distinguished from controls with an accuracy of 71% (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.90, sensitivity 76%, specificity 67%). Breathprints from PsA patients were separated from controls with 69% accuracy (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.92, sensitivity 72%, specificity 71%). Distinction between exhaled breath of RA and PsA patients exhibited an accuracy of 69% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.89, sensitivity 71%, specificity 72%). There was a positive correlation in RA patients of exhaled breathprints with disease activity score (DAS28) and number of painful joints. GC-MS identified seven key VOCs that significantly differed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Exhaled breath analysis by an electronic nose may play a role in differential diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases. Data from this study warrant external validation" |
| Keywords: | "Adolescent Adult Aged Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*diagnosis Breath Tests Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies *Electronic Nose Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Male Middle Aged Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis Young Adult;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineBrekelmans, Marjolein P Fens, Niki Brinkman, Paul Bos, Lieuwe D Sterk, Peter J Tak, Paul P Gerlag, Danielle M eng 2016/03/18 PLoS One. 2016 Mar 16; 11(3):e0151715. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151715. eCollection 2016" |
