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Front Microbiol

Title:		Thiol Metabolism and Volatile Metabolome of Clostridioides difficile
Author(s):		Biwer P; Neumann-Schaal M; Henke P; Jahn D; Schulz S;
Address:		"Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. Department of Metabolomics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany. Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, BRICS, Braunschweig, Germany. Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"
Journal Title:		Front Microbiol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220616
Issue:
Page Number:		864587 -
DOI:		10.3389/fmicb.2022.864587
ISSN/ISBN:		1664-302X (Print) 1664-302X (Electronic) 1664-302X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Clostridioides difficile (previously Clostridium difficile) causes life-threatening gut infections. The central metabolism of the bacterium is strongly influencing toxin production and consequently the infection progress. In this context, the composition and potential origin of the volatile metabolome was investigated, showing a large number of sulfur-containing volatile metabolites. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based headspace analyses of growing C. difficile 630Deltaerm cultures identified 105 mainly sulfur-containing compounds responsible of the typical C. difficile odor. Major components were identified to be 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanethiol, 2-methyl-1-butanethiol, 4-methyl-1-pentanethiol, and as well as their disulfides. Structurally identified were 64 sulfur containing volatiles. In order to determine their biosynthetic origin, the concentrations of the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine were varied in the growth medium. The changes observed in the volatile metabolome profile indicated that cysteine plays an essential role in the formation of the sulfur-containing volatiles. We propose that disulfides are derived from cysteine via formation of cystathionine analogs, which lead to corresponding thiols. These thiols may then be oxidized to disulfides. Moreover, methionine may contribute to the formation of short-chain disulfides through integration of methanethiol into the disulfide biosynthesis. In summary, the causative agents of the typical C. difficile odor were identified and first hypotheses for their biosynthesis were proposed"
Keywords:		Clostridium difficile cysteine disulfides gas chromatography/mass spectrometry sulfur metabolism thiols;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEBiwer, Peter Neumann-Schaal, Meina Henke, Petra Jahn, Dieter Schulz, Stefan eng Switzerland 2022/07/06 Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 16; 13:864587. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864587. eCollection 2022"