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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		A downhole passive sampling system to avoid bias and error from groundwater sample handling
Author(s):		Britt SL; Parker BL; Cherry JA;
Address:		"ProHydro Inc., Fairport, New York 14450, USA. sandy.britt@prohydroinc.com"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2010
Volume:		44
Issue:		13
Page Number:		4917 - 4923
DOI:		10.1021/es100828u
ISSN/ISBN:		0013-936X (Print) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"A new downhole groundwater sampler reduces bias and error due to sample handling and exposure while introducing minimal disturbance to natural flow conditions in the formation and well. This 'In Situ Sealed', 'ISS', or 'Snap' sampling device includes removable/lab-ready sample bottles, a sampler device to hold double end-opening sample bottles in an open position, and a line for lowering the sampler system and triggering closure of the bottles downhole. Before deployment, each bottle is set open at both ends to allow flow-through during installation and equilibration downhole. Bottles are triggered to close downhole without well purging; the method is therefore 'passive' or 'nonpurge'. The sample is retrieved in a sealed condition and remains unexposed until analysis. Data from six field studies comparing ISS sampling with traditional methods indicate ISS samples typically yield higher volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations; in one case, significant chemical-specific differentials between sampling methods were discernible. For arsenic, filtered and unfiltered purge results were negatively and positively biased, respectively, compared to ISS results. Inorganic constituents showed parity with traditional methods. Overall, the ISS is versatile, avoids low VOC recovery bias, and enhances reproducibility while avoiding sampling complexity and purge water disposal"
Keywords:		Arsenic/analysis Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation/methods Environmental Pollutants/*analysis Equipment Design Fresh Water Organic Chemicals/analysis Reproducibility of Results Specimen Handling/*instrumentation/methods Volatile Organic Compounds/;
Notes:		"MedlineBritt, Sanford L Parker, Beth L Cherry, John A eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2010/06/10 Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jul 1; 44(13):4917-23. doi: 10.1021/es100828u"