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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Demonstration of combined zero-valent iron and electrical resistance heating for in situ trichloroethene remediation
Author(s):		Truex MJ; Macbeth TW; Vermeul VR; Fritz BG; Mendoza DP; Mackley RD; Wietsma TW; Sandberg G; Powell T; Powers J; Pitre E; Michalsen M; Ballock-Dixon SJ; Zhong L; Oostrom M;
Address:		"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland Washington 99352, USA. mj.truex@pnl.gov"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2011
Volume:		20110517
Issue:		12
Page Number:		5346 - 5351
DOI:		10.1021/es104266a
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"The effectiveness of in situ treatment using zero-valent iron (ZVI) for nonaqueous phase or significant sediment-associated contaminant mass can be limited by relatively low rates of mass transfer to bring contaminants in contact with the reactive media. For a field test in a trichloroethene (TCE) source area, combining moderate-temperature subsurface electrical resistance heating with in situ ZVI treatment was shown to accelerate TCE treatment by a factor of about 4 based on organic daughter products and a factor about 8 based on chloride concentrations. A mass-discharge-based analysis was used to evaluate reaction, dissolution, and volatilization processes at ambient groundwater temperature (~10 degrees C) and as temperature was increased up to about 50 degrees C. Increased reaction and contaminant dissolution were observed with increased temperature, but vapor- or aqueous-phase migration of TCE out of the treatment zone was minimal during the test because reactions maintained low aqueous-phase TCE concentrations"
Keywords:		Chlorides/analysis Electric Impedance Environmental Restoration and Remediation/*methods Halogenation *Heating Iron/*chemistry Kinetics Soil/chemistry Temperature Time Factors Trichloroethylene/*isolation & purification Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis;
Notes:		"MedlineTruex, M J Macbeth, T W Vermeul, V R Fritz, B G Mendoza, D P Mackley, R D Wietsma, T W Sandberg, G Powell, T Powers, J Pitre, E Michalsen, M Ballock-Dixon, S J Zhong, L Oostrom, M eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2011/05/20 Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Jun 15; 45(12):5346-51. doi: 10.1021/es104266a. Epub 2011 May 17"