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Anal Bioanal Chem

Title:		Monitoring the volatile language of fungi using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Author(s):		Speckbacher V; Zeilinger S; Zimmermann S; Mayhew CA; Wiesenhofer H; Ruzsanyi V;
Address:		"Department of Microbiology, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany. Institute for Breath Research, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat Innsbruck, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. Tiroler Krebsforschungsinstitut (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. Institute for Breath Research, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat Innsbruck, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. veronika.ruzsanyi@uibk.ac.at. Tiroler Krebsforschungsinstitut (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. veronika.ruzsanyi@uibk.ac.at"
Journal Title:		Anal Bioanal Chem
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210306
Issue:		11
Page Number:		3055 - 3067
DOI:		10.1007/s00216-021-03242-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1618-2650 (Electronic) 1618-2642 (Print) 1618-2642 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Fusarium oxysporum is a plant pathogenic fungus leading to severe crop losses in agriculture every year. A sustainable way of combating this pathogen is the application of mycoparasites-fungi parasitizing other fungi. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride is such a mycoparasite that is able to antagonize phytopathogenic fungi. It is therefore frequently applied as a biological pest control agent in agriculture. Given that volatile metabolites play a crucial role in organismic interactions, the major aim of this study was to establish a method for on-line analysis of headspace microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) during cultivation of different fungi. An ion mobility spectrometer with gas chromatographic pre-separation (GC-IMS) enables almost real-time information of volatile emissions with good selectivity. Here we illustrate the successful use of GC-IMS for monitoring the time- and light-dependent release of MVOCs by F. oxysporum and T. atroviride during axenic and co-cultivation. More than 50 spectral peaks were detected, which could be assigned to 14 volatile compounds with the help of parallel gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) measurements. The majority of identified compounds are alcohols, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl propanol, 2-methyl butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-octen-3-ol. In addition to four ketones, namely acetone, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, and 2-octanone; two esters, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol-3-methylacetate; and one aldehyde, 3-methyl butanal, showed characteristic profiles during cultivation depending on axenic or co-cultivation, exposure to light, and fungal species. Interestingly, 2-octanone was produced only in co-cultures of F. oxysporum and T. atroviride, but it was not detected in the headspace of their axenic cultures. The concentrations of the measured volatiles were predominantly in the low ppbv range; however, values above 100 ppbv were detected for several alcohols, including ethanol, 2-methylpropanol, 2-methyl butanol, 1- and 3-methyl butanol, and for the ketone 2-heptanone, depending on the cultivation conditions. Our results highlight that GC-IMS analysis can be used as a valuable analytical tool for identifying specific metabolite patterns for chemotaxonomic and metabolomic applications in near-to-real time and hence easily monitor temporal changes in volatile concentrations that take place in minutes"
Keywords:		Fusarium/*metabolism Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods Hypocreales/*metabolism Ion Mobility Spectrometry/*methods Volatile Organic Compounds/*metabolism 2-Octanone Fungi Fusarium oxysporum Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) Light response Microbi;
Notes:		"MedlineSpeckbacher, Verena Zeilinger, Susanne Zimmermann, Stefan Mayhew, Christopher A Wiesenhofer, Helmut Ruzsanyi, Veronika eng Germany 2021/03/07 Anal Bioanal Chem. 2021 May; 413(11):3055-3067. doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03242-6. Epub 2021 Mar 6"