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Food Res Int

Title:		Comparison and discrimination of the terpenoids in 48 species of huajiao according to variety and geographical origin by E-nose coupled with HS-SPME-GC-MS
Author(s):		Shao Y; Liu X; Zhang Z; Wang P; Li K; Li C;
Address:		"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Rui 678600, Yunnan, China. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: lichmyl@mail.hzau.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Food Res Int
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230305
Issue:
Page Number:		112629 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112629
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-7145 (Electronic) 0963-9969 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The unique flavor and aroma characteristics of huajiao were not only influenced by cultivated varieties, maturity, but also geographic origin. This study compared the terpenoids of 48 species of huajiao using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose). The E-nose results showed differences in huajiao from different origins and varieties, and from the PCA loading plots it was possible to conclude that some samples contained higher levels of hydrocarbons and alcohols, providing a preliminary discrimination between different species of huajiao. Further, GC-MS results showed that six key biomarkers could be used to distinguish red and green huajiao. Red huajiao in Central China contained more terpenoids than in other regions. Nine key biomarkers could be used to distinguish red huajiao from different regions. Oil huajiao exhibited a more distinct aroma in red huajiao. Green huajiao from Yunnan Province had more terpenoids than that from other provinces. The terpenoids content of Yunnan zhuyeqing was higher than other green huajiao. Heatmap analysis helped to find the most contributors of huajiao, which could be used as key terpenoids to differentiate huajiao of different regions or cultivars. Finally, through the correlation analysis of E-nose and GC-MS, it was found that the E-nose sensors could distinguish different huajiao by specific responses to some terpenoids in the samples"
Keywords:		Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods *Terpenes/analysis Electronic Nose Solid Phase Microextraction/methods *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis China E-nose Gc-ms Huajiao Specific terpenoids Variety and geographic difference;
Notes:		"MedlineShao, Yuanyuan Liu, Xiaoqiong Zhang, Zhuoya Wang, Pengxiang Li, Kaikai Li, Chunmei eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Canada 2023/04/23 Food Res Int. 2023 May; 167:112629. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112629. Epub 2023 Mar 5"