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Food Microbiol

Title:		Efficacy and mechanism of action of food isolated yeasts in the control of Aspergillus flavus growth on pistachio nuts
Author(s):		Parafati L; Restuccia C; Cirvilleri G;
Address:		"Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy. Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.restuccia@unict.it"
Journal Title:		Food Microbiol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220806
Issue:
Page Number:		104100 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.fm.2022.104100
ISSN/ISBN:		1095-9998 (Electronic) 0740-0020 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Due to its nutritional characteristics, dried fruit and in particular pistachio is considered an important component in the daily diet. Unfortunately, pistachio nuts can be contaminated during storage with a wide range of pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus flavus. The present work has evaluated how the use of two yeast strains belonging to the species Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima can inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of A. flavus. Both yeast strains demonstrated a good in vitro antifungal activity attributable to a specific mechanism of action, although higher efficacy was evidenced by W. anomalus strain. The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and lytic enzymes was hypothesized as the main mechanisms of action exerted by W. anomalus, while the nutritional competition for iron was assumed as the main biocontrol mechanism for M. pulcherrima. Moreover, from the results of the in vivo test carried out on artificially infected pistachio seeds, it was clear as M. pulcherrima strain showed the same efficacy of W. anomalus in inhibiting the growth and sporulation of A. flavus mold, despite W. anomalus was the most effective strain during in vitro assay. Altogether, these results indicate that both strains could be considered as potential biocontrol agents against A. flavus fungal growth, notwithstanding it is always important considering the tritrophic interaction (yeast-mold- host), which could play a crucial role in determining the final results"
Keywords:		*Aspergillus flavus Biological Control Agents Fungi Nuts *Pistacia Saccharomycetales Yeasts Biocontrol mechanisms Metschnikowia pulcherrima Nutrient competition VOCs Wickerhamomyces anomalus;
Notes:		"MedlineParafati, Lucia Restuccia, Cristina Cirvilleri, Gabriella eng England 2022/09/11 Food Microbiol. 2022 Dec; 108:104100. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104100. Epub 2022 Aug 6"