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PLoS One

Title:		Elevated ozone and carbon dioxide affects the composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by Vicia faba (L.) and visitation by European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta)
Author(s):		Otieno M; Karpati Z; Peters MK; Duque L; Schmitt T; Steffan-Dewenter I;
Address:		"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. Department of Water and Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya. Department of Chemical Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre of Agricultural Research, ELKH, Budapest, Hungary"
Journal Title:		PLoS One
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230426
Issue:		4
Page Number:		e0283480 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pone.0283480
ISSN/ISBN:		1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Recent studies link increased ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to alteration of plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions, but their interactive effects on plant-pollinator interactions are little understood. Extra floral nectaries (EFNs) are essential organs used by some plants for stimulating defense against herbivory and for the attraction of insect pollinators, e.g., bees. The factors driving the interactions between bees and plants regarding the visitation of bees to EFNs are poorly understood, especially in the face of global change driven by greenhouse gases. Here, we experimentally tested whether elevated levels of O3 and CO2 individually and interactively alter the emission of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) profiles in the field bean plant (Vicia faba, L., Fabaceae), EFN nectar production and EFN visitation by the European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta, Latreille, Megachilidae). Our results showed that O3 alone had significant negative effects on the blends of VOCs emitted while the treatment with elevated CO2 alone did not differ from the control. Furthermore, as with O3 alone, the mixture of O3 and CO2 also had a significant difference in the VOCs' profile. O3 exposure was also linked to reduced nectar volume and had a negative impact on EFN visitation by bees. Increased CO2 level, on the other hand, had a positive impact on bee visits. Our results add to the knowledge of the interactive effects of O3 and CO2 on plant volatiles emitted by Vicia faba and bee responses. As greenhouse gas levels continue to rise globally, it is important to take these findings into consideration to better prepare for changes in plant-insect interactions"
Keywords:		Bees Animals Plant Nectar *Ozone/pharmacology *Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology *Vicia faba Plants;
Notes:		"MedlineOtieno, Mark Karpati, Zsolt Peters, Marcell K Duque, Laura Schmitt, Thomas Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2023/04/26 PLoS One. 2023 Apr 26; 18(4):e0283480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283480. eCollection 2023"