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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Common Cerambycid Pheromone Components as Attractants for Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae) Breeding in Ephemeral Oak Substrates in Northern Europe
Author(s):		Molander MA; Winde IB; Burman J; Nyabuga FN; Lindblom TUT; Hanks LM; Millar JG; Larsson MC;
Address:		"Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvagen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden. mikael.molander@slu.se. Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvagen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden. Ecology Research Group, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, United Kingdom. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P.O. Box 6, 60100, Embu, Kenya. Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7043, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190628
Issue:		7
Page Number:		537 - 548
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-019-01082-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Longhorn beetles are ecologically important insects in forest ecosystems as decomposers of woody substrates, microhabitat engineers, and as components of forest food webs. These species can be greatly affected both positively and negatively by modern forestry management practices, and should be monitored accordingly. Through headspace sampling, coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and field bioassays, we identified two compounds, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, that constitute aggregation-sex pheromone attractants of three cerambycid species which breed primarily in different types of fresh, recently dead oak wood in Northern Europe: Pyrrhidium sanguineum (L.), Phymatodes alni ssp. alni (L.), and Phymatodes testaceus (L.) (Cerambycinae: Callidiini). Analyses of headspace volatiles collected from live insects indicated that the male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone of P. sanguineum is a 1-15:100 blend of (R)-2-methyl-1-butanol and (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, whereas the corresponding ratios for P. alni were 70-110:100. In field bioassays, adult P. sanguineum and P. alni were significantly attracted to multiple blends with varying ratios of the two compounds. When tested individually, the compounds were minimally attractive. In contrast, adult P. testaceus exhibited nonspecific attraction to both of the individual compounds and to different blends, despite the hydroxyketone not being part of its pheromone, which consists of (R)-2-methyl-1-butanol alone. Overall, our results suggest that a blend of 50:100 of racemic 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone is appropriate for parallel, cost-efficient pheromone-based monitoring of all three species. In particular, these species could serve as useful indicators of how modern forestry practices affect a whole guild of saproxylic insects that require ephemeral deadwood substrates for successful breeding"
Keywords:		"Animals Coleoptera/*physiology Europe Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Hexanones/analysis/pharmacology Male Pentanols/analysis/pharmacology Sex Attractants/*chemistry/pharmacology Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects Volatile Organic Compounds/;"
Notes:		"MedlineMolander, Mikael A Winde, Inis B Burman, Joseph Nyabuga, Franklin N Lindblom, Tobias U T Hanks, Lawrence M Millar, Jocelyn G Larsson, Mattias C eng NV-03135-14/Naturvardsverket/ 1011-84 / 150-7 HJHIL/Skogssallskapet/ 2016-029 LOMOL/Skogssallskapet/ 2015-5/Ekframjandet, Erik Stenstrom Foundation/ Insight: SWE 0163; Local: 500 131/WWF Sweden/ 2016-01372/Svenska Forskningsradet Formas/ BS2015-0065/Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences/ 14-8130-1422-CA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ 15-8130-1422-CA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ 16-8130-1422-CA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ 17-8130-1422-CA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ 18-8130-1422-CA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ 2019/06/30 J Chem Ecol. 2019 Jul; 45(7):537-548. doi: 10.1007/s10886-019-01082-4. Epub 2019 Jun 28"