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Environ Pollut

Title:		Occurrence and distribution of typical semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in paired indoor and outdoor atmospheric fine particle samples from cities in southern China
Author(s):		Ma S; Yue C; Tang J; Lin M; Zhuo M; Yang Y; Li G; An T;
Address:		"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515100, China. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. Electronic address: antc99@gdut.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2021
Volume:		20201122
Issue:
Page Number:		116123 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116123
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Interest in the potential human health of semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in indoor and outdoor environments has made the exposure assessment and source appointment a priority. In this study, paired indoor and outdoor atmospheric fine particle (PM(2.5)) samples were collected from 15 homes representing five typical urban cities in southern China. Four typical SVOCs, including 16 congeners of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 13 congeners of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and 8 congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its three debrominated congeners were analyzed. The highest total concentrations were found for OPFRs, followed by PAHs, PBDEs, and TBBPA. The indoor concentrations of two alkyl-OPFR isomers, tributylphosphate (TBP) and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), were 4.3 and 11 times higher, respectively, than those of outdoors (p < 0.05). Additionally, the ratios of indoor to outdoor concentrations of alkyl-OPFR isomers varied greatly, suggesting that these compounds originated mainly from different household goods and products used in individual homes. The outdoor concentrations of PAHs and highly brominated PBDEs (BDE-209) typically exceeded the indoor concentrations. Significant correlations were also found between indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) samples for PAHs and BDE-209, indicating that outdoor sources such as vehicle exhausts and industrial activities strongly influence their atmospheric occurrence. Additionally, the concentrations of debrominated TBBPA derivatives were higher than those of TBBPA in over 33% of both indoor and outdoor air particle samples. Nevertheless, our results indicated that inhalation exposure to typical SVOCs posed no non-carcinogenic risks to the human body. Although we observed notable differences in the sources, occurrences, and distributions of typical SVOC congeners, more studies using matched samples are still needed to unambiguously identify important indoor and outdoor sources in order to accurately assess the contributions of different sources and the associated human exposure risks"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis China Cities Environmental Monitoring *Flame Retardants/analysis Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis Humans *Volatile Organic Compounds Indoor/outdoor atmospheric fine particles OPFRs PAHs PBDEs Tb;"
Notes:		"MedlineMa, Shengtao Yue, Congcong Tang, Jian Lin, Meiqing Zhuo, Meihui Yang, Yan Li, Guiying An, Taicheng eng England 2020/12/05 Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15; 269:116123. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116123. Epub 2020 Nov 22"