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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Integrated genotoxicity of secondary and tertiary treatment effluents in North China
Author(s):		Luan H; Zhao J; Yang J; Gao X; Song J; Chen X; Cai Q; Yang C; Zhao L; Ji M; Zhai H; Chen Z; Li X; Liu W;
Address:		"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: liu_wei@dlut.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2023
Volume:		20221229
Issue:
Page Number:		161241 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161241
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Genotoxic effects on aquatic organisms caused by wastewater discharging have raised extensive concerns. However, the efficiency of various wastewater treatment processes to reduce effluent genotoxicity was not well known. Genotoxic effects of effluents from four secondary wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs) and a tertiary wastewater treatment plant (TTP) in north China on Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were evaluated and the toxicity reduction efficiency of various treatment techniques was compared. SWTPs and TTP final effluents disturbed the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation, with malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the fish livers and gills increasing to 1.4-2.4 folds and 1.6-3.1 folds of control, respectively. Significant increases in erythrocytes micronucleus (MN) frequency were induced by effluent, and liver DNA damage caused by final SWTPs effluent was 29-54 % lower than TTP effluent. Further, DNA repair gene atm and growth arrest gene gadd45a were remarkably upregulated by SWTP and TTP final effluents to 1.8-12 folds and 4.1-15 folds, respectively, being consistent with the chromosomal aberration and DNA damage in liver tissue. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) of the tertiary effluent was 49 %-69 % lower than the secondary effluents. However, the final ozone disinfection at TTP caused an increase in the DNA damage, suggesting the generation of genotoxic by-products. UV disinfection at secondary treatment removed part of genotoxicity, with a reduction in IBR of 0 %-47 %. The total semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in the final effluent contained 5 %-56 % potential genotoxic substances, removal of which was 9 %-51 % lower than non-genotoxic compounds. Microfiltration and reverse osmosis process exhibited good performance in removing both the integrated genotoxicity and the potential genotoxic SVOCs. Our finding shows that TTP is superior than SWTP for wastewater treatment due to higher genotoxicity removal, but ozone disinfection needs improvement by optimizing performance parameters or adding post-treatment processes, to achieve better protection for aquatic organisms against genotoxic contaminants"
Keywords:		"Animals Wastewater Disinfection/methods Liver/chemistry DNA Damage *Water Purification/methods *Ozone *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity/analysis Comet assay Disinfection Gene expression Micronucleus Microorganic pollutants Oxidative stress;"
Notes:		"MedlineLuan, Haiyang Zhao, Jing Yang, Jing Gao, Xin Song, Jingyang Chen, Xiaofeng Cai, Qinyu Yang, Chen Zhao, Liqian Ji, Min Zhai, Hongyan Chen, Zhiqiang Li, Xuehua Liu, Wei eng Netherlands 2023/01/01 Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 20; 865:161241. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161241. Epub 2022 Dec 29"