| Title: | Integrated Metabolomics and Volatolomics for Comparative Evaluation of Fermented Soy Products |
| Author(s): | Lee SH; Lee S; Lee SH; Kim HJ; Singh D; Lee CH; |
| Address: | "Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea. Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2304-8158 (Print) 2304-8158 (Electronic) 2304-8158 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Though varying metabolomes are believed to influence distinctive characteristics of different soy foods, an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of both soluble and volatile metabolites is largely unreported. The metabolite profiles of different soy products, including cheonggukjang, meju, doenjang, and raw soybean, were characterized using LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the datasets for the cheonggukjang, meju, and doenjang extracts were distinguished from the non-fermented soybean across PC1, while those for cheonggukjang and doenjang were separated across PC2. Volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles were clearly distinct among doenjang and soybean, cheonggukjang, and meju samples. Notably, the relative contents of the isoflavone glycosides and DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) conjugated soyasaponins were higher in soybean and cheonggukjang, compared to doenjang, while the isoflavone aglycones, non-DDMP conjugated soyasaponins, and amino acids were significantly higher in doenjang. Most VOCs, including the sulfur containing compounds aldehydes, esters, and furans, were relatively abundant in doenjang. However, pyrazines, 3-methylbutanoic acid, maltol, and methoxyphenol were higher in cheonggukjang, which contributed to the characteristic aroma of soy foods. We believe that this study provides the fundamental insights on soy food metabolomes, which determine their nutritional, functional, organoleptic, and aroma characteristics" |
| Keywords: | fermented soy product metabolic pathway metabolomics volatolomics; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINELee, Sang-Hee Lee, Sunmin Lee, Seung-Hwa Kim, Hae-Jin Singh, Digar Lee, Choong-Hwan eng 918011-04-3-HD020/Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries/ 2020R1A4A1018648/Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning/ Switzerland 2021/11/28 Foods. 2021 Oct 20; 10(11):2516. doi: 10.3390/foods10112516" |
