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J Econ Entomol

Title:		"A Novel, Economical Way to Assess Virulence in Field Populations of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Utilizing Wheat Resistance Gene H13 as a Model"
Author(s):		Johnson AJ; Abdel Moniem HEM; Flanders KL; Buntin GD; Reay-Jones FPF; Reisig D; Stuart JJ; Subramanyam S; Shukle RH; Schemerhorn BJ;
Address:		"USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Pest Control Research Unit, 170 South University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 South State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 201 Extension Hall, Auburn, AL 36849. Department of Entomology, University of Georgia-Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, 2200 Pocket Rd., Florence, SC 29506. Vernon James Research and Extension Center, 207 Research Station Rd., Plymouth, NC 27962. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907. deceased"
Journal Title:		J Econ Entomol
Year:		2017
Volume:		110
Issue:		4
Page Number:		1863 - 1868
DOI:		10.1093/jee/tox129
ISSN/ISBN:		1938-291X (Electronic) 0022-0493 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Mayetiola destructor (Say) is a serious pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in North America, North Africa, and Central Asia. Singly deployed resistance genes in wheat cultivars have provided effective management of Hessian fly populations for >50 yr. Thirty-five H genes have been documented. Defense mediated by the H gene constitutes strong selection on the Hessian fly population, killing 100% of larvae. A mutation in a matching Hessian fly avirulence gene confers virulence to the H gene, leading to survival on the resistant plant. As the frequency of virulence rises in the population, the H gene loses its effectiveness for pest management. Knowing the frequency of virulence in the population is not only important for monitoring but also for decisions about which H gene should be deployed in regional wheat breeding programs. Here, we present a novel assay for detecting virulence in the field. Hessian fly males were collected in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina using sticky traps baited with Hessian fly sex pheromone. Utilizing two PCR reactions, diagnostic molecular markers for the six alleles controlling avirulence and virulence to H13 can be scored based on band size. Throughout the southeast, all three avirulence and three virulence alleles can be identified. In South Carolina, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect the spread of virulence into two counties previously documented as 100% susceptible to H13. The new assay also indicates that the previous methods overestimated virulence in the field owing to scoring of the plant instead of the insect"
Keywords:		Animals *Antibiosis Diptera/*genetics *Herbivory Insect Proteins/*genetics Male Polymerase Chain Reaction Southeastern United States Triticum/*physiology Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor pheromone trap risk assessment vH13;
Notes:		"MedlineJohnson, Alisha J Abdel Moniem, Hossam E M Flanders, Kathy L Buntin, G David Reay-Jones, Francis P F Reisig, Dominic Stuart, Jeffery J Subramanyam, Subhashree Shukle, Richard H Schemerhorn, Brandon J eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2017/05/19 J Econ Entomol. 2017 Aug 1; 110(4):1863-1868. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox129"