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Plants (Basel)

Title:		Defense Priming in Nicotiana tabacum Accelerates and Amplifies 'New' C/N Fluxes in Key Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways
Author(s):		Hanik N; Best M; Schueller MJ; Tappero R; Ferrieri RA;
Address:		"Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source Division, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Division of Plant Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"
Journal Title:		Plants (Basel)
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200706
Issue:		7
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/plants9070851
ISSN/ISBN:		2223-7747 (Print) 2223-7747 (Electronic) 2223-7747 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In the struggle to survive herbivory by leaf-feeding insects, plants employ multiple strategies to defend themselves. One mechanism by which plants increase resistance is by intensifying their responsiveness in the production of certain defense agents to create a rapid response. Known as defense priming, this action can accelerate and amplify responses of metabolic pathways, providing plants with long-lasting resistance, especially when faced with waves of attack. In the work presented, short-lived radiotracers of carbon administered as (11)CO(2) and nitrogen administered as (13)NH(3) were applied in Nicotiana tabacum, to examine the temporal changes in 'new' C/N utilization in the biosynthesis of key amino acids (AAs). Responses were induced by using topical application of the defense hormone jasmonic acid (JA). After a single treatment, metabolic partitioning of recently fixed carbon (designated 'new' carbon and reflected as (11)C) increased through the shikimate pathway, giving rise to tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan. Amplification in 'new' carbon fluxes preceded changes in the endogenous ((12)C) pools of these AAs. Testing after serial JA treatments revealed that fluxes of 'new' carbon were accelerated, amplified and sustained over time at this higher rate, suggesting a priming effect. Similar results were observed with recently assimilated nitrogen (designated 'new' nitrogen reflected as (13)N) with its partitioning into serine, glycine and glutamine, which play important roles supporting the shikimate pathway and downstream secondary metabolism. Finally, X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed that levels of the element Mn, an important co-factor for enzyme regulation in the shikimate pathway, increased within JA treated tissues, suggesting a link between plant metal ion regulation and C/N metabolic priming"
Keywords:		X-ray fluorescence imaging amino acid metabolism carbon-11 defense priming isotope ratio analysis nitrogen-13 plant insect herbivory;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEHanik, Nils Best, Marcel Schueller, Michael J Tappero, Ryan Ferrieri, Richard A eng DE-SC0012704/Department of Energy, Division of Biological and Environmental Research/ no contract number/Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD/ DE-FG02-92ER14244/U.S. Department of Energy - Geosciences/ DE-AC02-98CH10886/U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences/ Switzerland 2020/07/10 Plants (Basel). 2020 Jul 6; 9(7):851. doi: 10.3390/plants9070851"