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Environ Int

Title:		Alternatives to neonicotinoids
Author(s):		Jactel H; Verheggen F; Thiery D; Escobar-Gutierrez AJ; Gachet E; Desneux N; Neonicotinoids Working G;
Address:		"INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), UMR 1202 BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France. Electronic address: herve.jactel@inra.fr. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Universite de Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Electronic address: fverheggen@uliege.be. INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), UMR 1065 Save, BSA, ISVV, UMT Seven, Centre de recherches INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France. Electronic address: denis.thiery@inra.fr. INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), UR 0004 P3F Unite de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourrageres, Centre de recherche Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Poitiers, F-86600 Lusignan, France. Electronic address: abraham.escobar-gutierrez@inra.fr. ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory, Biological Risk Assessment Unit, 49044 Angers, France. Electronic address: emmanuel.gachet@anses.fr. INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Universite Cote D'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institute Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France. Electronic address: nicolas.desneux@inra.fr"
Journal Title:		Environ Int
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190529
Issue:
Page Number:		423 - 429
DOI:		10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.045
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6750 (Electronic) 0160-4120 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The European Food Safety Authority concluded in February 2018 that 'most uses of neonicotinoid insecticides represent a risk to wild bees and honeybees'. In 2016, the French government passed a law banning the use of the five neonicotinoids previously authorized: clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid. In the framework of an expert assessment conducted by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety to identify possible derogations, we performed a thorough assessment of the available alternatives to the five banned neonicotinoids. For each pest targeted by neonicotinoids use, we identified the main alternative pest management methods, which we then ranked for (i) efficacy for controlling the target pest, (ii) applicability (whether directly useable by farmers or in need of further research and development), (iii) durability (risk of resistance in targeted pests), and (iv) practicability (ease of implementation by farmers). We identified 152 authorized uses of neonicotinoids in France, encompassing 120 crops and 279 pest insect species (or genera). An effective alternative to neonicotinoids use was available in 96% of the 2968 case studies analyzed from the literature (single combinations of one alternative pest control method or product?ª+x?ª+one target crop plant?ª+x?ª+one target pest insect). The most common alternative to neonicotinoids (89% of cases) was the use of another chemical insecticide (mostly pyrethroids). However, in 78% of cases, at least one non-chemical alternative method could replace neonicotinoids (e.g. microorganisms, semiochemicals or surface coating). The relevance of non-chemical alternatives to neonicotinoids depends on pest feeding habits. Leaf and flower feeders are easier to control with non-chemical methods, whereas wood and root feeders are more difficult to manage by such methods. We also found that further field studies were required for many promising non-chemical methods before their introduction into routine use by farmers. Our findings, transmitted to policymakers, indicate that non-chemical alternatives to neonicotinoids do exist. Furthermore, they highlight the need to promote these methods through regulation and funding, with a view to reducing pesticide use in agriculture"
Keywords:		"Agriculture/methods Animals Crops, Agricultural France Insect Control/legislation & jurisprudence/*methods Insecta/drug effects Insecticides/*pharmacology/*toxicity Neonicotinoids/*chemistry/*pharmacology;"
Notes:		"MedlineJactel, Herve Verheggen, Francois Thiery, Denis Escobar-Gutierrez, Abraham J Gachet, Emmanuel Desneux, Nicolas eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2019/06/04 Environ Int. 2019 Aug; 129:423-429. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.045. Epub 2019 May 29"