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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Needle removal by pine sawfly larvae increases branch-level VOC emissions and reduces below-ground emissions of Scots pine
Author(s):		Ghimire RP; Markkanen JM; Kivimaenpaa M; Lyytikainen-Saarenmaa P; Holopainen JK;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Science, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. rajendra.ghimire@uef.fi"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2013
Volume:		20130426
Issue:		9
Page Number:		4325 - 4332
DOI:		10.1021/es4006064
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Climate warming is expected to increase the frequency of insect outbreaks in Boreal conifer forests. We evaluated how needle removal by the larvae of two diprionid sawfly species affects the composition and quantity of VOC emissions from Pinus sylvestris L. saplings. Feeding damage significantly increased the rate of localized VOC emissions from the damaged branch. The emissions of total monoterpenes (MTs) were dominating (96-98% of total VOCs) and increased by14-fold in Neodiprion sertifer-damaged branches and by 16-fold in Diprion pini-damaged branches compared to intact branches. Emissions of delta-3-carene, alpha-pinene, sabinene, and beta-phellandrene were most responsive. Feeding damage by N. sertifer larvae increased the emission rates of total sesquiterpenes by 7-fold (4% of total VOCs) and total green leaf volatiles by 13-fold (<1% of total VOCs). The VOC emissions from N. sertifer larvae constituted nearly 25% of the total branch emissions. N. sertifer feeding in the lower branches induced 4-fold increase in MT emissions in the top crown. Defoliation of Scots pine by D. pini significantly reduced the below-ground emissions of total MTs by approximately 80%. We conclude that defoliators could significantly increase total VOC emissions from the Scots pine canopy including MT emissions from resin storing sawfly larvae"
Keywords:		Animals Hymenoptera/growth & development/*physiology Larva/*physiology Pinus sylvestris/*metabolism *Plant Leaves Volatile Organic Compounds/*metabolism;
Notes:		"MedlineGhimire, Rajendra P Markkanen, Juha M Kivimaenpaa, Minna Lyytikainen-Saarenmaa, Paivi Holopainen, Jarmo K eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2013/04/17 Environ Sci Technol. 2013 May 7; 47(9):4325-32. doi: 10.1021/es4006064. Epub 2013 Apr 26"