| Title: | Flowering Stage and Daytime Affect Scent Emission of Malus ioensis 'Prairie Rose' |
| Author(s): | Fan J; Zhang W; Zhang D; Wang G; Cao F; |
| Address: | "College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. guibinwang99@163.com. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. guibinwang99@163.com" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules24132356 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Flowering crabapple is an important ornamental flower. It is vital to understand the floral scent properties and the associated release dynamics for carrying out fragrant flower breeding or floral regulation of crabapple. Static headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the volatile compounds in Malus ioensis 'Prairie Rose' flowers at different flowering stages and at different day-night time. The results showed that methylheptenone, phenylethanol, geranylacetone, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, alpha-cedrene were the major compounds in M. ioensis 'Prairie Rose', but the compounds released during different stages and different day-night time were significantly different (P < 0.0001). A total of 25 volatile compounds were identified from the four flowering stages. The floral scents in the initial and flowering stages were the most similar (dissimilarity 0.21). The main compounds in these two stages were geranylacetone and methylheptenone, and the contents of geranylacetone and phenylethanol were positively correlated with the flowering stages. From the bud stage to the end of flowering, the total amount of volatile compounds released showed an initial increase followed by a decrease and the amounts of compounds released during the initial flowering stage were the highest. The aliphatic and benzenoids content was significant higher in the daytime than at night. A total of 15 compounds were detected in the five time periods. Methylheptenone and phenylethanol were particularly released in the 10:00-12:00 and 15:00-17:00 time periods. There were only three common compounds among the five time periods and the types of flower volatiles released during the daytime were obviously higher than those released at night. From the nocturnal to diurnal, the amount of flower volatiles released first increased, then decreased, and the release reached a peak between 10 am and 12 noon, which was consistent with the pollination biological characteristics of Malus flowers. Our findings are important for understanding the mechanism of insect visits to crabapple and the regulation of crabapple flower scent" |
| Keywords: | Flowers/*chemistry/growth & development Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Malus/*chemistry Time Factors Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/*chemistry Spme-gc/ms crabapple emission rule flower fragrance; |
| Notes: | "MedlineFan, Junjun Zhang, Wangxiang Zhang, Donglin Wang, Guibin Cao, Fuliang eng Switzerland 2019/06/30 Molecules. 2019 Jun 26; 24(13):2356. doi: 10.3390/molecules24132356" |
