| Title: | Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae |
| Author(s): | Ali M; Ahmad H; Hayat S; Ghani MI; Amin B; Atif MJ; Wali K; Cheng Z; |
| Address: | "Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: chengzh@nwafu.edu.cn" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112132 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1090-2414 (Electronic) 0147-6513 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) and garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) have been recently reported to bear bioactive properties to stimulate plant growth and development and alter defense-related physiology. We, therefore, performed a bioassay to study these chemicals as possible biostimulants for defense against Verticillium dahliae in eggplant seedlings. AGE and DADS were applied as a foliar application to the eggplants and samples were collected before and after pathogen inoculation at various intervals to analyze the defense mechanism. The obtained data revealed that with the application of AGE and DADS, the seedlings showed responses including activation of antioxidant enzymes, an abundance of chlorophyll contents, alteration of photosynthesis system, and accumulation of plant hormones compared to the control plants. Furthermore, the microscopic analysis of the AGE or DADS treated plants showed high variability in pathogen density within the root crown at 28 days post-inoculation. The low abundance of reactive oxygen species was noticed in AGE or DADS treated plants, which indicates that the plants were able to successfully encounter pathogen attacks. The AGE and DADS treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (32.4% and 24.8% vs 87.1% in controls), indicating successful defense against Verticillium infection. Our results were therefore among the first to address the biostimulatory effects of AGE or DADS to induce resistance in eggplant seedlings against V. dahliae and may be used to establish preparation for garlic-derived bioactive compounds to improve growth and defense responses of eggplants under-protected horticultural situations such as glasshouse or plastic tunnels system" |
| Keywords: | "Allyl Compounds Antioxidants/pharmacology Ascomycota Disulfides *Garlic Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects Pheromones/*pharmacology Plant Diseases Plant Growth Regulators Reactive Oxygen Species Seedlings/drug effects Solanum melongena/drug ef;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineAli, Muhammad Ahmad, Husain Hayat, Sikandar Ghani, Muhammad Imran Amin, Bakht Atif, Muhammad Jawaad Wali, Kashif Cheng, Zhihui eng Netherlands 2021/03/21 Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jun 1; 215:112132. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112132. Epub 2021 Mar 17" |
