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Mol Cell Biol

Title:		Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase controls virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Author(s):		D'Souza CA; Alspaugh JA; Yue C; Harashima T; Cox GM; Perfect JR; Heitman J;
Address:		"Departments of Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA"
Journal Title:		Mol Cell Biol
Year:		2001
Volume:		21
Issue:		9
Page Number:		3179 - 3191
DOI:		10.1128/MCB.21.9.3179-3191.2001
ISSN/ISBN:		0270-7306 (Print) 1098-5549 (Electronic) 0270-7306 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects the human central nervous system. This pathogen elaborates two specialized virulence factors: the antioxidant melanin and an antiphagocytic immunosuppressive polysaccharide capsule. A signaling cascade controlling mating and virulence was identified. The PKA1 gene encoding the major cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit was identified and disrupted. pka1 mutant strains were sterile, failed to produce melanin or capsule, and were avirulent. The PKR1 gene encoding the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit was also identified and disrupted. pkr1 mutant strains overproduced capsule and were hypervirulent in animal models of cryptococcosis. pkr1 pka1 double mutant strains exhibited phenotypes similar to that of pka1 mutants, providing epistasis evidence that the Pka1 catalytic subunit functions downstream of the Pkr1 regulatory subunit. The PKA pathway was also shown to function downstream of the Galpha protein Gpa1 and to regulate cAMP production by feedback inhibition. These findings define a Galpha protein-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway regulating differentiation and virulence of a human fungal pathogen"
Keywords:		"Animals Catalytic Domain Cryptococcus neoformans/*enzymology/pathogenicity/physiology Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Prote;"
Notes:		"MedlineD'Souza, C A Alspaugh, J A Yue, C Harashima, T Cox, G M Perfect, J R Heitman, J eng R37 AI039115/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI042159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI42159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI039115/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI39115/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ P01 AI44975/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ K08 AI01556/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ P01 AI044975/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2001/04/05 Mol Cell Biol. 2001 May; 21(9):3179-91. doi: 10.1128/MCB.21.9.3179-3191.2001"