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Animals (Basel)

Title:		"The Effects of Androstenone on the Plasma Serotonin, beta-Endorphin, and Cortisol Concentrations in Thoroughbred Horses"
Author(s):		Choi Y; Yoon M;
Address:		"Research Center for Horse Industry, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea"
Journal Title:		Animals (Basel)
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210607
Issue:		6
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ani11061694
ISSN/ISBN:		2076-2615 (Print) 2076-2615 (Electronic) 2076-2615 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Androstenone influences the changing behaviors of animals. Previous studies discovered that an androstenone receptor was expressed in horses and treatment with androstenone induced horses to be more compliant. As changes in the level of neuroendocrine factors result in animal behavioral changes, the objective of the study was to monitor the changes in the concentrations of 5-HT, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in response to androstenone. Eight thoroughbred horses (five mares and three geldings) were treated with androstenone diluted in jojoba oil (10 microg/mL) and only oil for a control cross-overly. A handler applied the treatments to the horses' nostril and rubbed for 5 s. Blood samples were collected before, 15, 30, and 60 min after each treatment. The concentrations of each neurotransmitter were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentrations of each neurotransmitter after the treatment were compared to its baseline concentration. The concentration of 5-HT of the androstenone-treated horses remained consistent throughout the experiment, while the concentration of the control group significantly decreased over time. The plasma concentration of beta-endorphin in the androstenone-treated group also remained constant, whereas the concentration increased in the control group. Cortisol levels did not change in either the treated or untreated groups. An androstenone treatment triggers changes in the secretion of 5-HT and beta-endorphin in horses"
Keywords:		androstenone horse neurotransmitter pheromone;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEChoi, Yeonju Yoon, Minjung eng 2019-0177/National Research Foundation of Korea/ Switzerland 2021/07/03 Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 7; 11(6):1694. doi: 10.3390/ani11061694"