| Title: | Recent advances in contraceptive technology |
| Journal Title: | Med Gynaecol Androl Sociol |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0300-5828 (Print) 0300-5828 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "This paper emphasizes the urgent need for population control, particularly in the developing countries. The experience in India in the last 5 years is quoted. A relative decrease in IUD use due to too few skilled staff and inadequate follow-up is noted. Religious opposition by Moslems has also been a problem. Both continuation rates and failure rates with all methods have been unsatisfactory. None of the existing methods of reversible contraception are considered ideal for the Indian population. Although sterilization is actively supported, adequate specialized manpower is lacking. It is logistically impossible to reduce the birth rate in India by 50% in 5 years through sterilization. A new approach is need. Long-acting injectables, copper IUDs, and 'the pill a month' methods are suggested. Most experience with long-acting injectables related to medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera) and norethisterone enanthate. 150 mgm of Depo Provera every 3 months has been most widely used. In initial months cyclic irregularity and occasionally severe bleeding are found. Prolonged amenorrhea may follow; it may be 18 months before fertility is restored. Milk yield may be increased, important in societies where the baby is almost totally dependent for survival on adequate lactation. Experience with norethisterone enanthate is less. About 300 mgm every 3 months is needed. Silastic capsules deeply implanted in the gluteal region, progestin in a silastic vaginal ring, IUDs with copper included, and once a month oral contraceptives are all under study. Stringent legal requirements make the cost of developing new methods very time consuming and expensive. Attempts to control fertility in the male have not reached the stage of serious clinical use. The author touches on postcoital contraception, the theoretical use of pheromones, an antiserum capable of neutralizing endogenous luteinizing hormone releasing factor, and prostaglandin F2alpha used to bring on menstrual periods even if pregnancy were present. New technology and increased motivation are needed. eng" |
| Keywords: | "Asia Asia, Southeastern Contraception Contraceptive Agents Contraceptive Agents, Female *Contraceptives, Oral Developing Countries Economics Family Planning Services India *Injections *Intrauterine Devices *Progesterone Congeners *Research *Sterilization, ;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineShearman, R P eng England 1972/11/01 Med Gynaecol Androl Sociol. 1972 Nov-Dec; 6:11-8" |
