« Previous AbstractSarracenia alata (Alph.Wood) Alph.Wood Microcuttings as a Source of Volatiles Potentially Responsible for Insects' Respond    Next AbstractSensory Profiles and Seasonal Variation of Black Walnut Cultivars »

Environ Health Perspect

Title:		Products identified at an alternative disinfection pilot plant
Author(s):		Lykins BW; Koffskey W;
Address:
Journal Title:		Environ Health Perspect
Year:		1986
Volume:		69
Issue:
Page Number:		119 - 127
DOI:		10.1289/ehp.8669119
ISSN/ISBN:		0091-6765 (Print) 0091-6765 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Many drinking water utilities have recently changed or are seriously considering changing their disinfection practice from chlorine to some alternative treatment process. However, most of these utilities are changing their disinfectants without evaluating chemical impacts. Therefore, a research cooperative agreement was developed with Jefferson Parish, LA, to evaluate four parallel streams treated with four different disinfectants (chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone.) These streams, along with a fifth parallel stream, which was not treated with a disinfectant (control), were passed through both sand and granular activated carbon (GAC). Ozonation reduced the total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic halide (TOX) concentration by 0.3 mg/L and 10 micrograms/L, respectively. The average concentration of TOC for the other disinfectants was comparable to that associated with the nondisinfected stream (3.3 mg/L). The average instantaneous TOX concentration for chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and chlorine disinfection after 30 min contact time increased by 60, 92, and 238 micrograms/L, respectively, from a nondisinfected concentration of 25 micrograms/L. The volatile organics most affected by disinfection (chlorination) were the trihalomethanes. No significant change in concentration was noted after disinfection for the other volatile organics evaluated, such as 1,2-dichlorethane, dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride. Ozonation produced an average concentration reduction of 11 to 84% for most of the nonvolatiles evaluated. Conversely, a concentration increase of 43 to 100% was noted, after chlorination, for some of the nonvolatile organics"
Keywords:		Chloramines/analysis Chlorine/analysis *Chlorine Compounds Disinfectants/*analysis Disinfection/*methods Hydrocarbons/analysis Oxides/analysis Ozone/analysis Pilot Projects Sterilization/*methods Water Supply/*analysis;
Notes:		"MedlineLykins, B W Jr Koffskey, W eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 1986/11/01 Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Nov; 69:119-27. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8669119"