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Chemosphere

Title:		Sorption and migration of organophosphate flame retardants between sources and settled dust
Author(s):		Liu X; Folk Et;
Address:		"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. Electronic address: liu.xiaoyu@epa.gov. Jacobs, Critical Mission Solutions, EPA - Research Laboratory Support, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210329
Issue:
Page Number:		130415 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130415
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Print) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Dust serves as a strong sink for indoor pollutants, such as organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs). OPFRs are semivolatile chemicals that are slow in emissions but have long-term effects in indoor environments. This research studied the emission, sorption, and migration of OPFRs tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, from different sources to settled dust on OPFR source surfaces and OPFR-free surfaces. Four sink effect tests and six dust-source migration tests, including direct contact and sorption tests were conducted in 53 L stainless steel small chambers at 23 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. OPFR emission concentrations, and sorption and migration rates were determined. The dust-air and dust-material partition coefficients were estimated based on the experimental data and compared with those from the literature obtained by empirical equations. They are in the range of 1.4 x 10(7) to 2.6 x 10(8) (dimensionless) for the dust-air equilibrium partition coefficients and 2.38 x 10(-3) to 0.8 (dimensionless) for the dust-material equilibrium partition coefficients. It was observed that the dust with less organic content and smaller size tended to absorb more OPFRs, but different dust did not significantly affect OPFRs emission from the same source to the chamber air. The dust-air partition favored the less volatile OPFRs in the house dust, whereas the emission from the source favored the volatile chemicals. Volatility of the chemicals had much less effect on dust-source partitioning than on dust-air partitioning. The results from this work improve our understating of the fate and mass transfer mechanisms between OPFRs sources, indoor air, surface, and dust"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Dust *Flame Retardants/analysis Organophosphates/analysis Organophosphorus Compounds/analysis Phosphates Dust-air partition Indoor dust OPFRs Small chamber Source-dust mass transfer;"
Notes:		"MedlineLiu, Xiaoyu Folk, Edgar 4th eng EPA999999/ImEPA/Intramural EPA/ England 2021/04/12 Chemosphere. 2021 Sep; 278:130415. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130415. Epub 2021 Mar 29"