| Title: | "Predicting the emergence of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on a degree-day scale in North America" |
| Author(s): | Jones VP; Hilton R; Brunner JF; Bentley WJ; Alston DG; Barrett B; Van Steenwyk RA; Hull LA; Walgenbach JF; Coates WW; Smith TJ; |
| Address: | "Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1526-4998 (Electronic) 1526-498X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of apple, pear and walnut production in North America. Management programs are based on preventing larval entry into the fruit or nut and are typically timed by heat-driven models that are synchronized to field populations by first capture of overwintering moths in pheromone traps. Unfortunately, trap capture is affected by a range of environmental parameters as well as by the use of mating disruption, which makes detecting first flight difficult, thus complicating implementation of management programs. The present goal was to evaluate data collected from a broad range of locations across North America to see whether average first spring emergence times could be predicted. RESULTS: Average emergence time on a degree-day scale from 1 January was predictable using latitude and elevation. Sites at elevations of <400 m fit a simple quadratic equation using latitude, but, when higher elevations were included, a multiple regression using elevation was required. CONCLUSIONS: The present models can be used to simplify management programs for codling moth in areas where heat-driven models that require extensive trapping to synchronize with emergence are currently used" |
| Keywords: | "Animals *Insect Control Larva/growth & development Malus/parasitology Models, Biological Moths/*growth & development North America Plant Diseases/parasitology/prevention & control Pyrus/parasitology Seasons biofix codling moth models pest management;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineJones, Vincent P Hilton, Richard Brunner, Jay F Bentley, Walt J Alston, Diane G Barrett, Bruce Van Steenwyk, Robert A Hull, Larry A Walgenbach, James F Coates, William W Smith, Timothy J eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2013/02/21 Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Dec; 69(12):1393-8. doi: 10.1002/ps.3519. Epub 2013 Apr 15" |
