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New Phytol

Title:		Retracing the molecular basis and evolutionary history of the loss of benzaldehyde emission in the genus Capsella
Author(s):		Jantzen F; Lynch JH; Kappel C; Hofflin J; Skaliter O; Wozniak N; Sicard A; Sas C; Adebesin F; Ravid J; Vainstein A; Hilker M; Dudareva N; Lenhard M;
Address:		"Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany. Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 South University St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2063, USA. Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universitat Berlin, Haderslebener Strasse 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 76100, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden"
Journal Title:		New Phytol
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190913
Issue:		3
Page Number:		1349 - 1360
DOI:		10.1111/nph.16103
ISSN/ISBN:		1469-8137 (Electronic) 0028-646X (Linking)
Abstract:		"The transition from pollinator-mediated outbreeding to selfing has occurred many times in angiosperms. This is generally accompanied by a reduction in traits attracting pollinators, including reduced emission of floral scent. In Capsella, emission of benzaldehyde as a main component of floral scent has been lost in selfing C. rubella by mutation of cinnamate-CoA ligase CNL1. However, the biochemical basis and evolutionary history of this loss remain unknown, as does the reason for the absence of benzaldehyde emission in the independently derived selfer Capsella orientalis. We used plant transformation, in vitro enzyme assays, population genetics and quantitative genetics to address these questions. CNL1 has been inactivated twice independently by point mutations in C. rubella, causing a loss of enzymatic activity. Both inactive haplotypes are found within and outside of Greece, the centre of origin of C. rubella, indicating that they arose before its geographical spread. By contrast, the loss of benzaldehyde emission in C. orientalis is not due to an inactivating mutation in CNL1. CNL1 represents a hotspot for mutations that eliminate benzaldehyde emission, potentially reflecting the limited pleiotropy and large effect of its inactivation. Nevertheless, even closely related species have followed different evolutionary routes in reducing floral scent"
Keywords:		Alleles Amino Acids/genetics Benzaldehydes/*metabolism *Biological Evolution Capsella/*genetics Ecotype Geography Haplotypes/genetics Kinetics Mediterranean Region Mutation/genetics Odorants Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism Capsella benzaldehyde cinnama;
Notes:		"MedlineJantzen, Friederike Lynch, Joseph H Kappel, Christian Hofflin, Jona Skaliter, Oded Wozniak, Natalia Sicard, Adrien Sas, Claudia Adebesin, Funmilayo Ravid, Jasmin Vainstein, Alexander Hilker, Monika Dudareva, Natalia Lenhard, Michael eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2019/08/11 New Phytol. 2019 Nov; 224(3):1349-1360. doi: 10.1111/nph.16103. Epub 2019 Sep 13"