| Title: | Passive sampling of toluene (and benzene) in indoor air using a semipermeable membrane device |
| Author(s): | Goncalves AD; Martins TG; Cassella RJ; |
| Address: | "Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de Sao Joao Batista s/n, Centro, Niteroi/RJ 24020-141, Brazil; Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro/RJ 21941-909, Brazil. Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de Sao Joao Batista s/n, Centro, Niteroi/RJ 24020-141, Brazil. Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de Sao Joao Batista s/n, Centro, Niteroi/RJ 24020-141, Brazil. Electronic address: rcassella@id.uff.br" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111707 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1090-2414 (Electronic) 0147-6513 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The distribution and concentration of organic compounds in the environment have attracted great interest mainly due to their capability of bioaccumulation, dispersion, and danger to living organisms. Factors such as urbanization, population growth, and the emergence of new technologies contribute to the increase in pollutant emissions, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are emitted by several sources, becoming more common in work environments, influencing indoor air quality (IAQ), which can cause health damage, in addition to increasing the likelihood of cancer development. In this context, we developed a semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), consisting of low density polyethylene membrane (8 cm long x 3 cm wide), filled with 3 mL of acetonitrile, for passive sampling of toluene (and benzene) in gas phase. With this configuration, the SPMD needed 24 h exposure to the indoor air in order to achieve equilibrium. The target compounds were quantified in the acceptor phase by HPLC-DAD. The optimized SPMD was tested for the collection of toluene and benzene in six chemistry laboratories at Fluminense Federal University and in five nail salons in the city of Niteroi, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The developed sampling method was able to identify the analytes in the indoor air of the studied environments, and was easy to operate, with no need to clean up the extracts, allowing their direct injection into the chromatographic system" |
| Keywords: | "Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis Benzene/*analysis Brazil Cities Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*methods Humans Toluene/*analysis Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Benzene Monitoring Occupational health Passive sampling Toluene;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineGoncalves, Aline D Martins, Tayene G Cassella, Ricardo J eng Netherlands 2021/01/06 Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 15; 208:111707. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111707. Epub 2020 Nov 26" |
