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J Agric Food Chem

Title:		Volatile analysis of ground almonds contaminated with naturally occurring fungi
Author(s):		Beck JJ; Mahoney NE; Cook D; Gee WS;
Address:		"Plant Mycotoxin Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. john.beck@ars.usda.gov"
Journal Title:		J Agric Food Chem
Year:		2011
Volume:		20110506
Issue:		11
Page Number:		6180 - 6187
DOI:		10.1021/jf200739a
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5118 (Electronic) 0021-8561 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Aflatoxigenic aspergilli inflict major economic damage to the tree nut industry of California, with the highest negative impact to almonds. Aspergilli and fungi in general are known to emit volatiles in varying quantity and composition dependent upon their growth media. The goal of the study was to determine the volatile emission of whole and blanched almonds that had been picked out and labeled as inedible by processors. The aflatoxin content and number of colony forming units of each sample were also determined. A total of 23 compounds were consistently detected and identified. Several volatiles from the blanched almonds demonstrated significant increases when compared to the emissions of whole almonds. Several of these volatiles are considered fatty acid decomposition products and included hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, 3-octen-2-one, tetramethylpyrazine, and decanal. The almond samples investigated were characteristic of a typical postharvest environment and illustrative of potential contamination within a stockpile or transport container. Volatiles indicative of fatty acid decomposition were predominant in the samples that underwent some form of blanching. The emission amounts of hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and hexanoic acid increased 3-fold in samples contaminated with aflatoxin; however, due to variability between samples they could not be considered as indicator volatiles for aflatoxin content. The emission profile of volatiles from almond kernels contaminated with naturally occurring aspergilli and associated fungi is heretofore unreported"
Keywords:		Aflatoxins/analysis/metabolism Food Contamination/*analysis Fungi/*metabolism Plant Diseases/*microbiology Prunus/*chemistry/*microbiology Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis;
Notes:		"MedlineBeck, John J Mahoney, Noreen E Cook, Daniel Gee, Wai S eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2011/05/03 J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Jun 8; 59(11):6180-7. doi: 10.1021/jf200739a. Epub 2011 May 6"