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Environ Geochem Health

Title:		Spatial distribution and health risk of exposure to BTEX in urban area: a comparison study of different land-use types and traffic volumes
Author(s):		Alahabadi A; Fazeli I; Rakhshani MH; Najafi ML; Alidadi H; Miri M;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 319, Sabzevar, Iran. m_miri87@yahoo.com"
Journal Title:		Environ Geochem Health
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210107
Issue:		8
Page Number:		2871 - 2885
DOI:		10.1007/s10653-020-00799-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-2983 (Electronic) 0269-4042 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Many previous studies have investigated BTEX concentrations in urban areas; however, the available evidence on the association of different land-use types and BTEX concentrations is still scarce. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were measured and compared in different land-use types and traffic volumes of Mashhad metropolis, Iran. Sampling was conducted in summer and winter of 2018 based on NIOSH 1501 method in six land-use types, including Residential, Commercial/official, Industrial, Greenspace, Transportation, and Tourism. The spatial autocorrelation model was used to investigate the emission pattern. The Monte Carlo simulation technique and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the health risk of exposure to BTEX compounds. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene m-xylene, o-xylene and total BTEX concentrations based on overall mean were 4 (2.23), 8.37 (4.48), 1.2 (1.46), 0.89 (2.59), 0.8 (1.73) and 17.7 (8.19) microg/m(3), respectively. Benzene and toluene had clustered emission patterns (z-score > 1.96). Exposure to benzene in the study area had a carcinogenic risk for inhabitants. The concentration of BTEX compounds was significantly different based on land-use type. The maximum and minimum concentrations of BTEX were observed in Transportation and Greenspace land uses, respectively. The BTEX concentrations in summer were significantly higher than in winter, and traffic had a significant effect on BTEX concentrations. Overall, our results supported a significant relationship between land-use type and BTEX concentrations in the urban area. Moreover, ambient benzene concentration had a carcinogenic risk potential for inhabitants of study area"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis Benzene/analysis Environmental Monitoring Seasons Toluene Btex Health risk Land-use type Traffic volume Volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"MedlineAlahabadi, Ahmad Fazeli, Iman Rakhshani, Mohammad Hassan Najafi, Moslem Lari Alidadi, Hossein Miri, Mohammad eng Netherlands 2021/01/08 Environ Geochem Health. 2021 Aug; 43(8):2871-2885. doi: 10.1007/s10653-020-00799-6. Epub 2021 Jan 7"