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Int J Environ Res Public Health

Title:		"Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation"
Author(s):		Zhang L; Ou C; Magana-Arachchi D; Vithanage M; Vanka KS; Palanisami T; Masakorala K; Wijesekara H; Yan Y; Bolan N; Kirkham MB;
Address:		"Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China. School of Health, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China. Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka. Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka. Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 80000, Sri Lanka. Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka. Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China. School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"
Journal Title:		Int J Environ Res Public Health
Year:		2021
Volume:		20211021
Issue:		21
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijerph182111055
ISSN/ISBN:		1660-4601 (Electronic) 1661-7827 (Print) 1660-4601 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the indoor environment has the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Indoor PM includes particles of outdoor origin that drift indoors and particles that originate from indoor activities, which include cooking, fireplaces, smoking, fuel combustion for heating, human activities, and burning incense. Indoor PM can be enriched with inorganic and organic contaminants, including toxic heavy metals and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds. As a potential health hazard, indoor exposure to PM has received increased attention in recent years because people spend most of their time indoors. In addition, as the quantity, quality, and scope of the research have expanded, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of indoor PM. This review discusses the sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation of indoor PM. Practical solutions and steps to reduce exposure to indoor PM are also discussed"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Cooking Environmental Monitoring Humans Particle Size Particulate Matter/analysis environmental health exposure indoor particulate matter mitigation;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Ling Ou, Changjin Magana-Arachchi, Dhammika Vithanage, Meththika Vanka, Kanth Swaroop Palanisami, Thava Masakorala, Kanaji Wijesekara, Hasintha Yan, Yubo Bolan, Nanthi Kirkham, M B eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review Systematic Review Switzerland 2021/11/14 Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 21; 18(21):11055. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111055"