| Title: | The effects of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on embryonic development and reproduction in Daphnia magna |
| Author(s): | Yu M; Liu C; Zhao H; Yang Y; Sun J; |
| Address: | "College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China. Teacher Development Center, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China. College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China. College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China. Electronic address: jhsun1008@163.com" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110137 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1090-2414 (Electronic) 0147-6513 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Ionic liquids (ILs) are acknowledged as green chemicals and favorable substitutes for volatile organic solvents, which are currently used. However, previous studies have shown that these compounds had toxicological impacts on aquatic organisms. To investigate the effects of 1-hexyl-3- methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid ([C(6)mim]Br) on embryonic development and reproduction in water flea (Daphnia magna), a series of exposure experiments were conducted, including acute toxicity, maternal exposure, and chronic exposure tests. In acute toxicity experiment, D. magna neonates exhibited developmental abnormalities in the shell spine and the second antennae in a concentration-dependent manner after exposure to [C(6)mim]Br. The results in maternal exposure test also revealed a certain embryo-toxicity in response to [C(6)mim]Br in D. magna. However, the toxicity was lower than that conveyed by direct acute exposure, this indicated that the IL could act directly on organism. During the 21 days chronic exposure, the 1.6 mg/L exposure caused marked drop in the survival, molts and the number of the first brood of D. magna. Meanwhile, the total number of offspring was significantly declined in 1.6 mg/L concentration treatment groups, whereas increased in 0.2 mg/L groups. Generally, abnormalities in the offspring were significantly increased across all of the treatment groups in contrast to the control. No effect on sex differentiation was found during the experiments. These findings suggested that [C(6)mim]Br could affect embryonic development and reproduction in D. magna, and provided references for further study on the mechanisms underlying toxicological effects of ILs and the assessment of their potential environmental risks" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Aquatic Organisms Borates/*toxicity Bromides/pharmacology Daphnia/drug effects/embryology/*physiology Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects Embryonic Development Female Humans Imidazoles/*toxicity Ionic Liquids/toxicity Molting Reproduction/drug effec;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineYu, Miao Liu, Chuanhu Zhao, Honghao Yang, Yanjing Sun, Jinhui eng Netherlands 2020/01/07 Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Mar 1; 190:110137. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110137. Epub 2020 Jan 3" |
