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Proc Biol Sci

Title:		Animal lifestyle affects acceptable mass limits for attached tags
Author(s):		Wilson RP; Rose KA; Gunner R; Holton MD; Marks NJ; Bennett NC; Bell SH; Twining JP; Hesketh J; Duarte CM; Bezodis N; Jezek M; Painter M; Silovsky V; Crofoot MC; Harel R; Arnould JPY; Allan BM; Whisson DA; Alagaili A; Scantlebury DM;
Address:		"Swansea Laboratory for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. College of Science, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK. School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK. Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK. Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic. Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bucklestrabetae 5, Konstanz D-78467, Germany. Germany and Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VC 3125, Victoria, Australia. KSU Mammals Research Chair, Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"
Journal Title:		Proc Biol Sci
Year:		2021
Volume:		20211027
Issue:		1961
Page Number:		20212005 -
DOI:		10.1098/rspb.2021.2005
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2954 (Electronic) 0962-8452 (Print) 0962-8452 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Animal-attached devices have transformed our understanding of vertebrate ecology. To minimize any associated harm, researchers have long advocated that tag masses should not exceed 3% of carrier body mass. However, this ignores tag forces resulting from animal movement. Using data from collar-attached accelerometers on 10 diverse free-ranging terrestrial species from koalas to cheetahs, we detail a tag-based acceleration method to clarify acceptable tag mass limits. We quantify animal athleticism in terms of fractions of animal movement time devoted to different collar-recorded accelerations and convert those accelerations to forces (acceleration x tag mass) to allow derivation of any defined force limits for specified fractions of any animal's active time. Specifying that tags should exert forces that are less than 3% of the gravitational force exerted on the animal's body for 95% of the time led to corrected tag masses that should constitute between 1.6% and 2.98% of carrier mass, depending on athleticism. Strikingly, in four carnivore species encompassing two orders of magnitude in mass (ca 2-200 kg), forces exerted by '3%' tags were equivalent to 4-19% of carrier body mass during moving, with a maximum of 54% in a hunting cheetah. This fundamentally changes how acceptable tag mass limits should be determined by ethics bodies, irrespective of the force and time limits specified"
Keywords:		*Acceleration Animals *Carnivora Movement collar design detriment ethics guidelines tag mass;
Notes:		"MedlineWilson, Rory P Rose, Kayleigh A Gunner, Richard Holton, Mark D Marks, Nikki J Bennett, Nigel C Bell, Stephen H Twining, Joshua P Hesketh, Jamie Duarte, Carlos M Bezodis, Neil Jezek, Milos Painter, Michael Silovsky, Vaclav Crofoot, Margaret C Harel, Roi Arnould, John P Y Allan, Blake M Whisson, Desley A Alagaili, Abdulaziz Scantlebury, D Michael eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2021/10/28 Proc Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 27; 288(1961):20212005. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2005. Epub 2021 Oct 27"