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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev

Title:		Intake of toxic and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds from secondhand smoke in motor vehicles
Author(s):		St Helen G; Jacob P; Peng M; Dempsey DA; Hammond SK; Benowitz NL;
Address:		"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California. Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California. Departments of Medicine, and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California. nbenowitz@medsfgh.ucsf.edu"
Journal Title:		Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
Year:		2014
Volume:		20141114
Issue:		12
Page Number:		2774 - 2782
DOI:		10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0548
ISSN/ISBN:		1538-7755 (Electronic) 1055-9965 (Print) 1055-9965 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) from tobacco smoke are associated with cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize the exposure of nonsmokers to VOCs from secondhand smoke (SHS) in vehicles using mercapturic acid metabolites. METHODS: Fourteen nonsmokers were individually exposed in the backseat to one hour of SHS from a smoker seated in the driver's seat who smoked three cigarettes at 20-minute intervals in a stationary car with windows opened by 10 cm. Baseline and 0- to 8-hour postexposure mercapturic acid metabolites of nine VOCs were measured in urine. Air-to-urine VOC ratios were estimated on the basis of respirable particulate matter (PM2.5) or air nicotine concentration, and lifetime excess risk (LER) of cancer death from exposure to acrylonitrile, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene was estimated for adults. RESULTS: The greatest increase in 0- to 8-hour postexposure concentrations of mercapturic acids from baseline was MHBMA-3 (parent, 1,3-butadiene; 2.1-fold), then CNEMA (acrylonitrile; 1.7-fold), PMA (benzene; 1.6-fold), MMA (methylating agents; 1.6-fold), and HEMA (ethylene oxide; 1.3-fold). The LER of cancer death from exposure to acrylonitrile, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene in SHS for 5 hours a week ranged from 15.5 x 10(-6) to 28.1 x 10(-6) for adults, using air nicotine and PM2.5 to predict air VOC exposure, respectively. CONCLUSION: Nonsmokers have significant intake of multiple VOCs from breathing SHS in cars, corresponding to health risks that exceed the acceptable level. IMPACT: Smoking in cars may be associated with increased risks of cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases among nonsmokers"
Keywords:		Adult Female Humans Male Motor Vehicles Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*adverse effects/analysis Volatile Organic Compounds/*adverse effects Young Adult;
Notes:		"MedlineSt Helen, Gideon Jacob, Peyton 3rd Peng, Margaret Dempsey, Delia A Hammond, S Katharine Benowitz, Neal L eng R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ DA12393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ UL1 RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ P30 DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R25CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ UL1 TR000004/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2014/11/16 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Dec; 23(12):2774-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0548. Epub 2014 Nov 14"