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Arch Toxicol

Title:		"Concentrations in human blood of petroleum hydrocarbons associated with the BP/Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico"
Author(s):		Sammarco PW; Kolian SR; Warby RA; Bouldin JL; Subra WA; Porter SA;
Address:		"Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON), 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, LA, 70344, USA. psammarco@lumcon.edu. EcoRigs Non-Profit Organization, 6765 Corporate Blvd., Suite 1207, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA. The Warby Group LLC, 244 Park St B14, North Attleborough, MA, 02760, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Ecotoxicology Research Facility, Arkansas State University, PO Box 599, State University, AR, 72467, USA. Subra Company, Louisiana Environmental Action Network (LEAN), and Lower Mississippi Riverkeeper, PO Box 9813, New Iberia, LA, 70562, USA. Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON), 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, LA, 70344, USA. EcoLogic Environmental, Inc., PO Box 886, Houma, LA, 70361, USA"
Journal Title:		Arch Toxicol
Year:		2016
Volume:		20150522
Issue:		4
Page Number:		829 - 837
DOI:		10.1007/s00204-015-1526-5
ISSN/ISBN:		1432-0738 (Electronic) 0340-5761 (Linking)
Abstract:		"During/after the BP/Deepwater Horizon oil spill, cleanup workers, fisherpersons, SCUBA divers, and coastal residents were exposed to crude oil and dispersants. These people experienced acute physiological and behavioral symptoms and consulted a physician. They were diagnosed with petroleum hydrocarbon poisoning and had blood analyses analyzed for volatile organic compounds; samples were drawn 5-19 months after the spill had been capped. We examined the petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the blood. The aromatic compounds m,p-xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene, o-xylene, and styrene, and the alkanes hexane, 3-methylpentane, 2-methylpentane, and iso-octane were detected. Concentrations of the first four aromatics were not significantly different from US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey/US National Institute of Standards and Technology 95th percentiles, indicating high concentrations of contaminants. The other two aromatics and the alkanes yielded equivocal results or significantly low concentrations. The data suggest that single-ring aromatic compounds are more persistent in the blood than alkanes and may be responsible for the observed symptoms. People should avoid exposure to crude oil through avoidance of the affected region, or utilizing hazardous materials suits if involved in cleanup, or wearing hazardous waste operations and emergency response suits if SCUBA diving. Concentrations of alkanes and PAHs in the blood of coastal residents and workers should be monitored through time well after the spill has been controlled"
Keywords:		"Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Environmental Exposure/analysis Female Gulf of Mexico Humans Hydrocarbons/*blood Male Middle Aged Occupational Diseases/*blood/etiology Occupational Exposure/*analysis Petroleum Pollution/*adverse effects Water;"
Notes:		"MedlineSammarco, Paul W Kolian, Stephan R Warby, Richard A F Bouldin, Jennifer L Subra, Wilma A Porter, Scott A eng Germany 2015/05/23 Arch Toxicol. 2016 Apr; 90(4):829-37. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1526-5. Epub 2015 May 22"