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BMC Pulm Med

Title:		"Expiratory flow rate, breath hold and anatomic dead space influence electronic nose ability to detect lung cancer"
Author(s):		Bikov A; Hernadi M; Korosi BZ; Kunos L; Zsamboki G; Sutto Z; Tarnoki AD; Tarnoki DL; Losonczy G; Horvath I;
Address:		"Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1/C Dios arok, Budapest 1125, Hungary. andras.bikov@gmail.com"
Journal Title:		BMC Pulm Med
Year:		2014
Volume:		20141216
Issue:
Page Number:		202 -
DOI:		10.1186/1471-2466-14-202
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2466 (Electronic) 1471-2466 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Electronic noses are composites of nanosensor arrays. Numerous studies showed their potential to detect lung cancer from breath samples by analysing exhaled volatile compound pattern ('breathprint'). Expiratory flow rate, breath hold and inclusion of anatomic dead space may influence the exhaled levels of some volatile compounds; however it has not been fully addressed how these factors affect electronic nose data. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate these effects. METHODS: 37 healthy subjects (44 +/- 14 years) and 27 patients with lung cancer (60 +/- 10 years) participated in the study. After deep inhalation through a volatile organic compound filter, subjects exhaled at two different flow rates (50 ml/sec and 75 ml/sec) into Teflon-coated bags. The effect of breath hold was analysed after 10 seconds of deep inhalation. We also studied the effect of anatomic dead space by excluding this fraction and comparing alveolar air to mixed (alveolar + anatomic dead space) air samples. Exhaled air samples were processed with Cyranose 320 electronic nose. RESULTS: Expiratory flow rate, breath hold and the inclusion of anatomic dead space significantly altered 'breathprints' in healthy individuals (p < 0.05), but not in lung cancer (p > 0.05). These factors also influenced the discrimination ability of the electronic nose to detect lung cancer significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that expiratory flow, breath hold and dead space influence exhaled volatile compound pattern assessed with electronic nose. These findings suggest critical methodological recommendations to standardise sample collections for electronic nose measurements"
Keywords:		Adult Aged Breath Holding Breath Tests/*methods *Electronic Nose Female Forced Expiratory Flow Rates Healthy Volunteers Humans Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Respiratory Dead Space Smoking Volat;
Notes:		"MedlineBikov, Andras Hernadi, Marton Korosi, Beata Zita Kunos, Laszlo Zsamboki, Gabriella Sutto, Zoltan Tarnoki, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, David Laszlo Losonczy, Gyorgy Horvath, Ildiko eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2014/12/17 BMC Pulm Med. 2014 Dec 16; 14:202. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-202"