| Title: | "Genomic Analysis of Enterococcus spp. Isolated From a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Associated Waters in Umgungundlovu District, South Africa" |
| Author(s): | Mbanga J; Amoako DG; Abia ALK; Allam M; Ismail A; Essack SY; |
| Address: | "Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa" |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.648454 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1664-302X (Print) 1664-302X (Electronic) 1664-302X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "We investigated the antibiotic resistome, mobilome, virulome, and phylogenomic lineages of Enterococcus spp. obtained from a wastewater treatment plant and its associated waters using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics tools. The whole genomes of Enterococcus isolates including Enterococcus faecalis (n = 4), Enterococcus faecium (n = 5), Enterococcus hirae (n = 2), and Enterococcus durans (n = 1) with similar resistance patterns from different sampling sites and time points were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq machine. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed two E. faecalis isolates that had a common sequence type ST179; the rest had unique sequence types ST841, and ST300. The E. faecium genomes belonged to 3 sequence types, ST94 (n = 2), ST361 (n = 2), and ST1096 (n = 1). Detected resistance genes included those encoding tetracycline [tet(S), tet(M), and tet(L)], and macrolides [msr(C), msr(D), erm(B), and mef(A)] resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes were associated with insertion sequences (IS6, ISL3, and IS982), and transposons (Tn3 and Tn6000). The tet(M) resistance gene was consistently found associated with a conjugative transposon protein (TcpC). A total of 20 different virulence genes were identified in E. faecalis and E. faecium including those encoding for sex pheromones (cCF10, cOB1, cad, and came), adhesion (ace, SrtA, ebpA, ebpC, and efaAfs), and cell invasion (hylA and hylB). Several virulence genes were associated with the insertion sequence IS256. No virulence genes were detected in E. hirae and E. durans. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Enterococcus spp. isolates were more closely related to animal and environmental isolates than clinical isolates. Enterococcus spp. with a diverse range of resistance and virulence genes as well as associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exist in the wastewater environment in South Africa" |
| Keywords: | Enterococcus spp.South Africa antibiotic resistance wastewater treatment plant whole-genome sequencing; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEMbanga, Joshua Amoako, Daniel G Abia, Akebe L K Allam, Mushal Ismail, Arshad Essack, Sabiha Y eng Switzerland 2021/07/02 Front Microbiol. 2021 Jun 14; 12:648454. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.648454. eCollection 2021" |
