| Title: | Metabolomics reveals herbivore-induced metabolites of resistance and susceptibility in maize leaves and roots |
| Author(s): | Marti G; Erb M; Boccard J; Glauser G; Doyen GR; Villard N; Robert CA; Turlings TC; Rudaz S; Wolfender JL; |
| Address: | "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva Switzerland" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1365-3040 (Electronic) 0140-7791 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plants respond to herbivory by reprogramming their metabolism. Most research in this context has focused on locally induced compounds that function as toxins or feeding deterrents. We developed an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach to evaluate local and systemic herbivore-induced changes in maize leaves, sap, roots and root exudates without any prior assumptions about their function. Thirty-two differentially regulated compounds were identified from Spodoptera littoralis-infested maize seedlings and isolated for structure assignment by microflow nuclear magnetic resonance (CapNMR). Nine compounds were quantified by a high throughput direct nano-infusion tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method. Leaf infestation led to a marked local increase of 1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones, phospholipids, N-hydroxycinnamoyltyramines, azealic acid and tryptophan. Only few changes were found in the root metabolome, but 1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones increased in the vascular sap and root exudates. The role of N-hydroxycinnamoyltyramines in plant-herbivore interactions is unknown, and we therefore tested the effect of the dominating p-coumaroyltyramine on S. littoralis. Unexpectedly, p-coumaroyltyramine was metabolized by the larvae and increased larval growth, possibly by providing additional nitrogen to the insect. Taken together, this study illustrates that herbivore attack leads to the induction of metabolites that can have contrasting effects on herbivore resistance in the leaves and roots" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Coumaric Acids/metabolism *Herbivory Ions/metabolism Mass Spectrometry *Metabolome Metabolomics Plant Leaves/*metabolism Plant Roots/*metabolism Spodoptera Zea mays/*metabolism;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineMarti, Guillaume Erb, Matthias Boccard, Julien Glauser, Gaetan Doyen, Gwladys R Villard, Neil Robert, Christelle A M Turlings, Ted C J Rudaz, Serge Wolfender, Jean-Luc eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2012/08/24 Plant Cell Environ. 2013 Mar; 36(3):621-39. doi: 10.1111/pce.12002. Epub 2012 Sep 25" |
