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Environ Res

Title:		Occurrence and air-water diffusive exchange legacy persistent organic pollutants in an oligotrophic north Patagonian lake
Author(s):		Luarte T; Tucca F; Nimptsch J; Woelfl S; Casas G; Dachs J; Chiang G; Pozo K; Barra R; Galban-Malagon C;
Address:		"Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de La Conservacion, Facultad Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile. Instituto Tecnologico Del Salmon (INTESAL de SalmonChile), Av. Juan Soler Manfredini 41, Of. 1802, Puerto Montt, Chile. Electronic address: f.tucca@intesal.cl. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Casilla 567, Chile. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile. RECETOX, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Universidad San Sebastian, Lientur 1457, Concepcion, Bio Bio, Chile. Departamento de Sistemas Acuaticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA, Universidad de Concepcion, 4070386, Chile. GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: cristobal.galban@umayor.cl"
Journal Title:		Environ Res
Year:		2022
Volume:		20210920
Issue:		Pt B
Page Number:		112042 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envres.2021.112042
ISSN/ISBN:		1096-0953 (Electronic) 0013-9351 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In this study, the occurrence and diffusive air-water exchange of POPs in Panguipulli Lake (39 degrees 42'S-72 degrees 13'W), an oligotrophic lake located in northern Patagonia (Chile), were determined. Air and water samples were collected between March and August 2017 (autumn-winter) and analyzed for concentrations of OCPs (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH and HCB) and PCBs (PCB-28,-52,-101,-118,-153,-158,-180) using gas chromatography coupled with an electron capture detector. The direction of air-water exchange direction was evaluated using a fugacity approach (f(w) f(a)(-1)), and net diffusive exchange fluxes (F(AW), ng m(-2) d(-1)) were also estimated. Total summation operator(4)OCP levels in air ranged from 0.31 to 37 pg m(-3), with a maximum for beta-HCH, while Sigma(7)PCB levels ranged from 3.05 to 43 pg m(-3). The most abundant congener was PCB-153, accounting for 60% of the total PCBs in air. Surface water summation operator(4)OCPs measured in this study ranged from 1.01 to 3.9 pg L(-1), with gamma-HCH predominating, while surface water Sigma(7)PCB levels ranged from 0.32 to 24 pg L(-1), with PCB-101, PCB-118, and PCB-153 presenting the highest levels. Diffusive air-water exchanges of HCB, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH and PCBs in the form of volatilization from the lake to air predominated; in contrast, for beta-HCH net deposition dominated during the sampling period. Estimates suggested faster microbial degradation in the dissolved phase compared to atmospheric degradation for all analyzed POPs. Overall, these results could indicate that the oligotrophic lakes of northern Patagonia act as a secondary source of atmospheric POPs, mainly PCBs and some OCPs. This study is a first attempt to understand the occurrence of POPs in air and water, as well as their dynamics in oligotrophic lakes in the southern hemisphere"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis Environmental Monitoring Lakes Persistent Organic Pollutants *Pesticides/analysis *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis Water *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Air-water exchange Legacy pollutants North patagonian lakes Pesticide;"
Notes:		"MedlineLuarte, Thais Tucca, Felipe Nimptsch, Jorge Woelfl, Stefan Casas, Gemma Dachs, Jordi Chiang, Gustavo Pozo, Karla Barra, Ricardo Galban-Malagon, Cristobal eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2021/09/24 Environ Res. 2022 Mar; 204(Pt B):112042. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112042. Epub 2021 Sep 20"