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Environ Pollut

Title:		"Estimation of commercial cooking emissions in real-world operation: Particulate and gaseous emission factors, activity influencing and modelling"
Author(s):		Lin P; Gao J; He W; Nie L; Schauer JJ; Yang S; Xu Y; Zhang Y;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China. Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53718, USA. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China. Electronic address: yxzhang@ucas.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210726
Issue:
Page Number:		117847 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117847
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Measurements of real-world cooking emission factors (CEFs) were rarely reported in recent year's studies. However, the needs for accurately estimating CEFs to produce cooking emission inventories and further implement controlling measures are urgent. In this study, we collected cooking emission aerosols from real-world commercial location operations in Beijing, China. 2 particulate (PM(2.5), OC) and 2 gaseous (NMHC, OVOCs) CEF species were examined on influencing activity conditions of cuisine type, controlling technology, operation scales (represented by cook stove numbers), air exhausting volume, as well as location and operation period. Measured NMHC emission factors (Non-barbecue: 8.19 +/- 9.06 g/h and Barbecue: 35.48 +/- 11.98 g/h) were about 2 times higher than PM(2.5) emission factors (Non-barbecue: 4.88 +/- 3.43 g/h and Barbecue: 15.48 +/- 7.22 g/h). T-test analysis results showed a significantly higher barbecued type CEFs than non-barbecued cuisines for both particulate and gaseous emission factor species. The efficacy of controlling technology was showing an average of 50 % in decreasing PM(2.5) CEFs while a 50 % in increasing OC particulate CEFs. The effects of controlling equipment were not significant in removing NMHC and OVOCs exhaust concentrations. CEF variations within cook stove numbers and air exhausting volume also reflected a comprehensive effect of operation scale, cuisine type and control technology. The simulations among activity influencing factors and CEFs were further determined and estimated using hierarchical multiple regression model. The R square of this simulated model for PM(2.5) CEFs was 0.80 (6.17 x 10(-9)) with standardized regression coefficient of cuisine type, location, sampling period, control technology, cook stove number (N) and N(2) of 5.18 (0.02), 5.33 (0.02), 1.93 (0.19), 9.29 (4.18 x 10(-6)), 9.10 (1.71 x 10(-3)) and -1.18 (2.43 x 10(-3)), respectively. In perspective, our study provides ways of better estimating CEFs in real operation conditions and potentially highlighting much more importance of cooking emissions on air quality and human health"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis Cooking Environmental Monitoring Gases Humans *Particulate Matter/analysis Control technology Cooking emission factors Particulate and gaseous pollutants Real-world emission modelling;
Notes:		"MedlineLin, Pengchuan Gao, Jian He, Wanqing Nie, Lei Schauer, James J Yang, Shujian Xu, Yisheng Zhang, Yuanxun eng England 2021/08/14 Environ Pollut. 2021 Nov 15; 289:117847. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117847. Epub 2021 Jul 26"