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Int J Mol Sci

Title:		Facing the Green Threat: A Water Flea's Defenses against a Carnivorous Plant
Author(s):		Kruppert S; Horstmann M; Weiss LC; Konopka E; Kubitza N; Poppinga S; Westermeier AS; Speck T; Tollrian R;
Address:		"Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution & Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany. Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA. Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstrasse 2, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Georges-Kohler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"
Journal Title:		Int J Mol Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220609
Issue:		12
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijms23126474
ISSN/ISBN:		1422-0067 (Electronic) 1422-0067 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Every ecosystem shows multiple levels of species interactions, which are often difficult to isolate and to classify regarding their specific nature. For most of the observed interactions, it comes down to either competition or consumption. The modes of consumption are various and defined by the nature of the consumed organism, e.g., carnivory, herbivory, as well as the extent of the consumption, e.g., grazing, parasitism. While the majority of consumers are animals, carnivorous plants can also pose a threat to arthropods. Water fleas of the family Daphniidae are keystone species in many lentic ecosystems. As most abundant filter feeders, they link the primary production to higher trophic levels. As a response to the high predatory pressures, water fleas have evolved various inducible defenses against animal predators. Here we show the first example, to our knowledge, in Ceriodaphnia dubia of such inducible defenses of an animal against a coexisting plant predator, i.e., the carnivorous bladderwort (Utricularia x neglecta Lehm, Lentibulariaceae). When the bladderwort is present, C. dubia shows changes in morphology, life history and behavior. While the morphological and behavioral adaptations improve C. dubia's survival rate in the presence of this predator, the life-history parameters likely reflect trade-offs for the defense"
Keywords:		Animals Carnivorous Plant *Cladocera Daphnia/physiology Ecosystem *Lamiales Predatory Behavior/physiology Daphnia inducible defenses;
Notes:		"MedlineKruppert, Sebastian Horstmann, Martin Weiss, Linda C Konopka, Elena Kubitza, Nadja Poppinga, Simon Westermeier, Anna S Speck, Thomas Tollrian, Ralph eng 409126405/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ CRC-Transregio 141 'Biological Design and Integrative Structures - Analysis, Simulation and Implementation in Architecture'/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ N/A/Joint Research Network on Advanced Materials and Systems (JONAS)/ 'Bio-inspirierte elastische Materialsysteme und Verbundkomponenten fur nachhaltiges Bauen im 21ten Jahrhundert' (BioElast) within the 'Zukunftsoffensive IV Innovation und Exzellenz - Aufbau und Starkung der Forschungsinfrastruktur im Bereich der Mikro- un/State Ministry of Baden-Wuerttemberg for Sciences, Research and Arts/ N/A/Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes/ Switzerland 2022/06/25 Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 9; 23(12):6474. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126474"