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Appl Environ Microbiol

Title:		Formulation of a defined V8 medium for induction of sexual development of Cryptococcus neoformans
Author(s):		Kent CR; Ortiz-Bermudez P; Giles SS; Hull CM;
Address:		"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA"
Journal Title:		Appl Environ Microbiol
Year:		2008
Volume:		20080905
Issue:		20
Page Number:		6248 - 6253
DOI:		10.1128/AEM.00970-08
ISSN/ISBN:		1098-5336 (Electronic) 0099-2240 (Print) 0099-2240 (Linking)
Abstract:		"For over 3 decades, sexual development in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans and other fungi has been initiated by growing compatible mating partners on V8 juice medium. Although this medium is an efficient inducer of sexual development, the mechanism by which it promotes the process is unknown. To understand how V8 juice medium induces sexual development, we attempted to purify inducing factors from V8 juice, and we carried out a complete compositional analysis of V8 juice. We discovered that no single factor is responsible for the effects of V8 juice medium. Rather, the unique composition of V8 juice medium provides the proper nutrient composition for inducing and sustaining complete sexual development. Utilizing these findings, we developed a defined V8 (DV8) medium that mimics V8 juice medium in sexual development assays. Then, using DV8 as a tool, we explored the roles that specific molecules play in enhancing sexual development. Surprisingly, we discovered that copper is a key factor, leading to an upregulation of the mating pheromone genes MFa and MFalpha, both required for the initial steps in sexual development. The utilization of DV8 to investigate the effects of copper on sexual development presented here is an example of how defining the conditions that induce sexual development will advance the study of C. neoformans"
Keywords:		Copper/*metabolism Cryptococcus neoformans/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology Culture Media/*chemistry Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation Mating Factor Mycology/*methods Peptides/genetics;
Notes:		"MedlineKent, Cory R Ortiz-Bermudez, Patricia Giles, Steven S Hull, Christina M eng R01 AI064287/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI064287-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2008/09/09 Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Oct; 74(20):6248-53. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00970-08. Epub 2008 Sep 5"