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PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Title:		Expansions of chemosensory gene orthologs among selected tsetse fly species and their expressions in Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse fly
Author(s):		Kabaka JM; Wachira BM; Mang'era CM; Rono MK; Hassanali A; Okoth SO; Oduol VO; Macharia RW; Murilla GA; Mireji PO;
Address:		"Biotechnology Research Institute-Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Ruiru Campus, Nairobi, Kenya. Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Ruiru Campus, Nairobi, Kenya. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Njoro Campus, Egerton, Kenya. Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya. Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"
Journal Title:		PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200626
Issue:		6
Page Number:		e0008341 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pntd.0008341
ISSN/ISBN:		1935-2735 (Electronic) 1935-2727 (Print) 1935-2727 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Tsetse fly exhibit species-specific olfactory uniqueness potentially underpinned by differences in their chemosensory protein repertoire. We assessed 1) expansions of chemosensory protein orthologs in Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina pallidipes, Glossina austeni, Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina brevipalpis tsetse fly species using Cafe analysis (to identify species-specific expansions) and 2) differential expressions of the orthologs and associated proteins in male G. m. morsitans antennae and head tissues using RNA-Seq approaches (to establish associated functional molecular pathways). We established accelerated and significant (P<0.05, lambda = 2.60452e-7) expansions of gene families in G. m. morsitans Odorant receptor (Or)71a, Or46a, Ir75a,d, Ionotropic receptor (Ir) 31a, Ir84a, Ir64a and Odorant binding protein (Obp) 83a-b), G. pallidipes Or67a,c, Or49a, Or92a, Or85b-c,f and Obp73a, G. f. fuscipes Ir21a, Gustatory receptor (Gr) 21a and Gr63a), G. p. gambiensis clumsy, Ir25a and Ir8a, and G. brevipalpis Ir68a and missing orthologs in each tsetse fly species. Most abundantly expressed transcripts in male G. m. morsitans included specific Or (Orco, Or56a, 65a-c, Or47b, Or67b, GMOY012254, GMOY009475, and GMOY006265), Gr (Gr21a, Gr63a, GMOY013297 and GMOY013298), Ir (Ir8a, Ir25a and Ir41a) and Obp (Obp19a, lush, Obp28a, Obp83a-b Obp44a, GMOY012275 and GMOY013254) orthologs. Most enriched biological processes in the head were associated with vision, muscle activity and neuropeptide regulations, amino acid/nucleotide metabolism and circulatory system processes. Antennal enrichments (>90% of chemosensory transcripts) included cilium-associated mechanoreceptors, chemo-sensation, neuronal controlled growth/differentiation and regeneration/responses to stress. The expanded and tsetse fly species specific orthologs includes those associated with known tsetse fly responsive ligands (4-methyl phenol, 4-propyl phenol, acetic acid, butanol and carbon dioxide) and potential tsetse fly species-specific responsive ligands (2-oxopentanoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, hydroxycinnamic acid, 2-heptanone, caffeine, geosmin, DEET and (cVA) pheromone). Some of the orthologs can potentially modulate several tsetse fly species-specific behavioral (male-male courtship, hunger/host seeking, cool avoidance, hygrosensory and feeding) phenotypes. The putative tsetse fly specific chemosensory gene orthologs and their respective ligands provide candidate gene targets and kairomones for respective downstream functional genomic and field evaluations that can effectively expand toolbox of species-specific tsetse fly attractants, repellents and other tsetse fly behavioral modulators"
Keywords:		"Animals Chemotaxis/*genetics Gene Expression Regulation *Genome, Insect Insect Proteins/*genetics Male Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/genetics Receptors, Odorant/genetics Species Specificity *Transcriptome Trypanosomiasis Tsetse Flies/classification/*gen;"
Notes:		"MedlineKabaka, Joy M Wachira, Benson M Mang'era, Clarence M Rono, Martin K Hassanali, Ahmed Okoth, Sylvance O Oduol, Vincent O Macharia, Rosaline W Murilla, Grace A Mireji, Paul O eng D43 TW007391/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ U01 AI115648/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R03 TW009444/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2020/06/27 PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Jun 26; 14(6):e0008341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008341. eCollection 2020 Jun"